Salud deportiva en la vejez: prevalencia y factores de riesgo - Revisión sistemática (Sports Health in Older Age: Prevalence and Risk Factors - Systematic Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102654Palabras clave:
Sports Health, physical activity, older age, active lifestyleResumen
La prevalencia del ejercicio en los adultos mayores a menudo muestra niveles bajos, y una parte considerable de este grupo demográfico es físicamente inactivo. Numerosos estudios también han mostrado disparidades de género en la prevalencia del ejercicio, destacando que los hombres tienden a realizar más actividad física en comparación con las mujeres. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es resaltar la salud deportiva en la vejez, la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo a través de una revisión sistemática. Esta investigación emplea un método de revisión sistemática mediante la búsqueda en bases de datos de revistas acreditadas como Science Direct y Pubmed. Los criterios de inclusión en este estudio fueron artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años relacionados con el ejercicio en personas mayores, abordando temas como la prevalencia del ejercicio, los factores de riesgo para el ejercicio, la participación en actividades físicas, la salud de las personas mayores y las barreras para el ejercicio. Los criterios de exclusión en este estudio fueron artículos publicados en revistas no acreditadas. Los investigadores seleccionaron y analizaron 16 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión para esta revisión sistemática. Para operaciones estándar, este estudio sigue la evaluación de Elementos de informes preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis (PRISMA). Los hallazgos de la investigación revelan que dentro del primer grupo, varios factores de riesgo impiden significativamente el ejercicio en los adultos mayores, incluidas enfermedades crónicas como enfermedades cardíacas y diabetes. Además, factores como la falta de conocimiento sobre los beneficios del ejercicio, el miedo a lesionarse y el aislamiento social contribuyeron a una menor participación en la actividad física. Además, los resultados del segundo grupo subrayan la importancia de la información de que diversos ejercicios a través de actividades deportivas saludables ayudan a la salud del cuerpo en la vejez. Los resultados del tercer grupo muestran que algunos tratamientos de terapia de salud deportiva son adecuados para personas mayores. Comprender estos factores multifacéticos es fundamental para diseñar intervenciones efectivas para aumentar la participación deportiva en las personas mayores. Por lo tanto, la promoción de estilos de vida activos y saludables en los adultos mayores debe considerar los factores sociales, económicos y de salud que influyen en las decisiones de los individuos. Este enfoque holístico puede contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida y el bienestar de los adultos mayores y, al mismo tiempo, reducir la carga de enfermedades relacionadas con la edad.
Palabras clave: estilo de vida activo, edad avanzada, actividad física, salud deportiva
Abstract. Exercise prevalence in older adults often shows low levels, with a considerable portion of this demographic being physically inactive. Myriad studies have also depicted gender disparities in exercise prevalence, highlighting that men tend to engage in more physical activity compared to women. The primary objective of this research is to highlight sports health in older age, prevalence, and risk fac-tors through a systematic review. This research employs a systematic review method by searching reputable journal databases such as Science Direct and Pubmed. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles published in the last five years related to exercise in the elderly, addressing topics such as exercise prevalence, risk factors for exercise, physical activity participation, the health of the elderly, and barriers to exercise. The exclusion criteria in this study were articles published in non-reputable journals. The researchers selected and analyzed 16 articles meeting the inclusing criteria for this systematic review. For standard operations, this study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) assessment. The research findings reveal that within the first group, various risk factors significantly impede exercise in older adults, including chronic health conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. In addition, factors such as lack of knowledge about the benefits of exercise, fear of injury, and social isolation contributed to reduced participation in physical activity. Furthermore, the findings with-in the second group underscore the significance of information that various exercises through health sports activities to support body health in old age. The results of the third group show that some treatments of sports health therapy are suitable for the elderly. Understanding these multifaceted factors is paramount to design effective interventions to increase sports participation in the elderly. Therefore, the promotion of active and healthy lifestyles in older adults should consider the social, economic and health factors that influence individuals' decisions. This holistic approach can contribute to improving the quality of life and well-being of older adults, concurrently reducing the burden of age-related diseases.
Keywords: active lifestyle, older age, physical activity, Sports Health
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