Respuestas agudas de la temperatura cutánea a la prueba de aptitud intermitente 30-15 en jugadores de fútbol masculinos profesionales

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.109970

Palabras clave:

termografía infrarroja, termografía, desequilibrio muscular, prevención de lesiones, monitoreo de la fatiga, fútbol

Resumen

Introducción: La tecnología de imagen térmica ofrece información detallada sobre los patrones de temperatura cutánea y las asimetrías en los atletas, proporcionando datos valiosos para mejorar el rendimiento, evaluar la rehabilitación, monitorizar la fatiga y prevenir lesiones.

Métodos: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las respuestas agudas de la temperatura cutánea antes y después de la prueba de Aptitud Intermitente 30-15 en futbolistas profesionales masculinos. Veintiún jugadores realizaron la prueba, y se calcularon el tiempo de carrera, la velocidad pico y la velocidad real. Las imágenes térmicas fueron obtenidas mediante una cámara infrarroja antes e inmediatamente después del test, registrándose valores en muslo anterior, pierna anterior, muslo y pierna posteriores.

Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las asimetrías de temperatura entre todas las regiones, siendo más marcadas en los muslos. El análisis de Pearson mostró que los parámetros del 30-15 IFT no se correlacionaron con la asimetría posprueba en ninguna región. Sin embargo, existieron correlaciones negativas significativas entre la asimetría preprueba en la pierna posterior y el tiempo de carrera (r=0,30; p<0,05), la velocidad pico (r=0,3; p<0,05) y la velocidad real (r=0,25; p<0,05).

Conclusión: Los jugadores con menores asimetrías basales en la pierna posterior obtuvieron mejor rendimiento en el 30-15 IFT. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la termografía es una herramienta útil para evaluar asimetrías musculares tras pruebas de resistencia o entrenamientos de acondicionamiento, aportando información relevante para optimizar el rendimiento y la prevención de lesiones.

Referencias

Afanaceva, R., Basargina, L., & Załugujewa, O. (1985). Estimation average temperature of human body during physical effort. Gig. Sanitaria, 9, 32-35.

Alfieri, F. M., da Silva Dias, C., de Oliveira Vargas e Silva, N., dos Santos, A. C. A., & Battistella, L. R. (2020). Comparison of iOS smartphone-attached infrared camera and conventional FLIR camera for human temperature measurement: an agreement study. Thermology International, 30(3).

Aylwin, P. E., Racinais, S., Bermon, S., Lloyd, A., Hodder, S., & Havenith, G. (2021). The use of infrared thermography for the dynamic measurement of skin temperature of moving athletes during competition; methodological issues. Physiological Measurement, 42(8), 084004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ac1872

Buchheit, M. (2010). The 30-15 intermittent fitness test: 10-year review. Myorobie J, 1(9), 278.

Buoite Stella, A., Ruzza, F. R., Callovini, A., Bortolan, L., Martini, M., Sabot, R., ... & Pellegrini, B. (2025). Immediate effects of sports massage on muscle strength, power and balance after simulated trail running in the cold. Sport Sciences for Health, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-025-01348-3

Catalá-Vilaplana, I., García-Domínguez, E., Aparicio, I., Ortega-Benavent, N., Marzano-Felisatti, J. M., & Sanchis-Sanchis, R. (2023). Effect of unstable sports footwear on acceleration impacts and plantar surface temperature during walking: a pilot study. Retos, 49, 1004-1010. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.96764

Cerezci Duygu, S., Ozunlu Pekyavas, N., Uzun, A., Cinar Medeni, O., Baltaci, G., Er, F., Suveren, C., & Colakoglu, F. F. (2019). Muscle skin temperature responses for hamstring and quadriceps to aerobic and anaerobic test conditions in Turkish Olympic Sailing Athletes. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 136, 2125-2130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7865-8

Chen, W. (2019). Thermometry and interpretation of body temperature. Biomedical engineering letters, 9, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-019-00102-2

Chudecka, M., & Lubkowska, A. (2012). The use of thermal imaging to evaluate body temperature changes of athletes during training and a study on the impact of physiological and morphological factors on skin temperature. Human movement, 13(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10038-012-0002-9

Čoh, M., & Širok, B. (2007). Use of the thermovision method in sport training. Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport, 5(1).

D’Isanto, T., D’Elia, F., Raiola, G., & Altavilla, G. (2019). Assessment of sport performance: Theoretical aspects and practical indications. Sport Mont, 17, 79-82. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.190214

da Silva, W., Machado, Á. S., Kunzler, M. R., Jimenez-Perez, I., Gil-Calvo, M., Priego-Quesada, J. I., & Carpes, F. P. (2022). Reproducibility of skin temperature analyses by novice and experienced evaluators using infrared thermography. Journal of Thermal Biology, 110, 103345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103345

de Carvalho, G., Girasol, C. E., Gonçalves, L. G. C., Guirro, E. C. O., & Guirro, R. R. d. J. (2021). Correlation between skin temperature in the lower limbs and biochemical marker, performance data, and clinical recovery scales. PloS one, 16(3), e0248653. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248653

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior research methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149

Fernandes, A., de Assis, M., Marins, J., Andrade, A., Albuquerque, M., Brito, C., ... & Garcia, E. (2025). Kinetics of skin temperature in lower limbs of professional soccer athletes. Biology of Sport, 42(2), 345-352. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.145909

Fernández-Cuevas, I., Arnáiz Lastras, J., Escamilla Galindo, V., & Gómez Carmona, P. (2017). Infrared thermography for the detection of injury in sports medicine. Application of infrared thermography in sports science, 81-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47410-6_4

Fernández-Cuevas, I., Marins, J. C. B., Lastras, J. A., Carmona, P. M. G., Cano, S. P., García-Concepción, M. Á., & Sillero-Quintana, M. (2015). Classification of factors influencing the use of infrared thermography in humans: A review. Infrared Physics & Technology, 71, 28-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2015.02.007

Fernández-Cuevas, I., Torres, G., Sillero-Quintana, M., & Navandar, A. (2023). Thermographic assessment of skin response to strength training in young participants. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-11978-9

Ferreira-Júnior, J. B., Chaves, S. F., Pinheiro, M. H., Rezende, V. H., Freitas, E. D., Marins, J. C., Bara-Filho, M. G., Vieira, A., Bottaro, M., & Costa, C. M. (2021). Is skin temperature associated with muscle recovery status following a single bout of leg press? Physiological Measurement, 42(3), 034002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/abe9fe

González-Alonso, J., Teller, C., Andersen, S. L., Jensen, F. B., Hyldig, T., & Nielsen, B. (1999). Influence of body temperature on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat. Journal of Applied Physiology, 86(3), 1032-1039. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.3.1032

Hadžić, V., Širok, B., Malneršič, A., & Čoh, M. (2019). Can infrared thermography be used to monitor fatigue during exercise? A case study. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(1), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.08.002

Hermosilla-Palma, F., Villaseca-Vicuña, R., Merino-Muñoz, P., Gómez-Álvarez, N., Pérez-Contreras, J., Salas-Ávila, M., ... & Aedo-Muñoz, E. (2024). Differences in 30-15 IFT test performance across playing positions and categories among adult professional soccer players. Retos, 61, 415-420. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108413

Hildebrandt, C., Zeilberger, K., Ring, E. F. J., & Raschner, C. (2012). The application of medical infrared thermography in sports medicine. INTECH Open Access Publisher. https://doi.org/10.5772/28383

Hopkins, W., Marshall, S., Batterham, A., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine & Science in Sports Exercise, 41(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278

Jastrzębska, A. D., Hebisz, R., & Hebisz, P. (2022). Temporal Skin Temperature as an Indicator of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessed with Selected Methods. Biology, 11(7), 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11070948

Jay, O., Reardon, F. D., Webb, P., DuCharme, M. B., Ramsay, T., Nettlefold, L., & Kenny, G. P. (2007). Estimating changes in mean body temperature for humans during exercise using core and skin temperatures is inaccurate even with a correction factor. Journal of Applied Physiology, 103(2), 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00117.2007

Kapoor, M., Vasdev, V., Singh, R. K., Jaipurkar, R., & Sikri, G. (2022). Relationship between aerobic fitness and lower limb skin temperature during cycling exercise testing among well-trained athletes and nonathletes: a cross-sectional study. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.04.017

Maior, A. S., Leporace, G., Tannure, M., & Marocolo, M. (2017). Profile of infrared thermography in elite soccer players. Motriz: Revista de Educação Física, 23. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201700020013

Marins, J., Fernández-Cuevas, I., Arnaiz Lastras, J., Fernandes, A. d. A., & Sillero Quintana, M. (2013). Applications of infrared thermography in sports. A review. International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport, in press, 15(60), 805-824.

Marins, J. B., de Andrade Fernandes, A., Moreira, D. G., Silva, F. S., Costa, C. M. A., Pimenta, E. M., & Sillero-Quintana, M. (2014). Thermographic profile of soccer players’ lower limbs. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte, 7(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1888-7546(14)70053-X

Merla, A., Mattei, P. A., Di Donato, L., & Romani, G. L. (2010). Thermal imaging of cutaneous temperature modifications in runners during graded exercise. Annals of biomedical engineering, 38, 158-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-009-9809-8

Mirkov, D., Nedeljkovic, A., Kukolj, M., Ugarkovic, D., & Jaric, S. (2008). Evaluation of the reliability of soccer-specific field tests. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(4), 1046-1050. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816eb4af

Moreira, D. G., Costello, J. T., Brito, C. J., Adamczyk, J. G., Ammer, K., Bach, A. J., Costa, C. M., Eglin, C., Fernandes, A. A., & Fernández-Cuevas, I. (2017). Thermographic imaging in sports and exercise medicine: A Delphi study and consensus statement on the measurement of human skin temperature. Journal of Thermal Biology, 69, 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.07.006

Neves, E. B., Vilaça-Alves, J., Antunes, N., Felisberto, I. M., Rosa, C., & Reis, V. M. (2015). Different responses of the skin temperature to physical exercise: Systematic review. 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318608

Pérez-Guarner, A., Priego-Quesada, J. I., Oficial-Casado, F., de Anda, R. M. C. O., Carpes, F. P., & Palmer, R. S. (2019). Association between physiological stress and skin temperature response after a half marathon. Physiological Measurement, 40(3), 034009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ab0fdc

Piñonosa Cano, S. (2016). Use of infrared thermography as a tool to monitor skin temperature along the recovery process of an anterior cruciate ligament surgery (Doctoral dissertation), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.

Priego-Quesada, J. I., De la Fuente, C., Kunzler, M. R., Perez-Soriano, P., Hervás-Marín, D., & Carpes, F. P. (2020). Relationship between skin temperature, electrical manifestations of muscle fatigue, and exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness for dynamic contractions: a preliminary study. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186817

Rampinini, E., Bishop, D., Marcora, S., Bravo, D. F., Sassi, R., & Impellizzeri, F. (2006). Validity of simple field tests as indicators of match-related physical performance in top-level professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924340

Reina, M., Rubio, J. G., Antúnez, A., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2020). Comparison of internal and external load in official 3 vs. 3 and 5 vs. 5 female basketball competitions. Retos, 37, 400-405. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.73720

Romão, W., Mello, D., Neves, E. B., Dias, T., dos Santos, A. O. B., Alkmim, R., & Vale, R. (2021). The use of infrared thermography in endurance athletes: a systematic review. Motricidade, 17(2), 193-203.

Sawka, M. N., Cheuvront, S. N., & Kenefick, R. W. (2012). High skin temperature and hypohydration impair aerobic performance. Experimental Physiology, 97(3), 327-332. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2011.061002

Schlader, Z. J., Simmons, S. E., Stannard, S. R., & Mündel, T. (2011). Skin temperature as a thermal controller of exercise intensity. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111, 1631-1639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1791-1

Sillero-Quintana, M., Gomez-Carmona, P. M., & Fernández-Cuevas, I. (2021). Infrared thermography as a means of monitoring and preventing sports injuries. In Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports (pp. 832-865). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7707-3.ch046

Stanković, M., Gušić, M., Nikolić, S., Barišić, V., Krakan, I., Sporiš, G., Mikulić, I., & Trajković, N. (2021). 30-15 intermittent fitness test: a systematic review of studies, examining the VO2max estimation and training programming. Applied Sciences, 11(24), 11792. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411792

Tanda, G. (2018). Total body skin temperature of runners during treadmill exercise: a pilot study. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 131(2), 1967-1977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6634-4

Valladares-Rodríguez, S., Rey, E., Mecías-Calvo, M., Barcala-Furelos, R., & Bores-Cerezal, A. J. (2017). Reliability and usefulness of the 30-15 intermittent fitness test in male and female professional futsal players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 60, 191. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0102

Vardasca, R. (2008). Symmetry of temperature distribution in the upper and lower extremities. Thermology International, 18(4), 154-155.

Vardasca, R., Ring, E., Plassmann, P., & Jones, C. D. (2012). Thermal symmetry of the upper and lower extremities in healthy subjects. Thermology International, 22(2), 53-60.

Descargas

Publicado

18-11-2025

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Alvurdu, S., Arslan, Y., Keskin, K., Oliveira, R., & Nobari, H. (2025). Respuestas agudas de la temperatura cutánea a la prueba de aptitud intermitente 30-15 en jugadores de fútbol masculinos profesionales. Retos, 73, 1220-1231. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.109970