Descripción de la actividad física, conducta sedentaria y sueño de infantes chilenos

Autores/as

  • Sonia Sepúlveda-Martin Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas y Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
  • Laura Martínez-González Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás. Chile
  • Paola Barbosa-Gonzalez Departamento de Didáctica, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
  • Igor Iván Cigarroa Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.111430

Palabras clave:

Acelerometría, Actividad Física, Sueño, Conducta Sedentaría

Resumen

Introducción: la primera infancia es un período crítico para el desarrollo de patrones de conducta y hábitos saludables. En Chile, la prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso alcanza el 34,4% en menores de 6 años, asociado a una baja actividad física (AF), alta conducta sedentaria (CS) y alteraciones del sueño.

Objetivo: analizar los niveles de actividad física, conducta sedentaria y sueño en niños y niñas entre 1 y 5 años y determinar la asociación entre estas variables.

Metodología: estudio descriptivo correlacional transversal. Se analizó la AF, CS y sueño en 55 infantes de 1 a 5 años en la región del Biobío mediante acelerometría, complementado con encuestas a padres sobre el uso de pantallas.

Resultados: los niños cumplen con la AF ligera, pero el grupo de 3 a 5 años no alcanza los 60 minutos recomendados de AF moderada a vigorosa (AFMV). El tiempo promedio de CS fue 333 min/día, superando ampliamente las recomendaciones internacionales. El tiempo total de sueño fue inferior al recomendado, especialmente en infantes de 1 a 2 años, con diferencias no significativas por sexo. Un 44,7% de los niños tiene televisor en su dormitorio, lo que aumenta el uso de pantallas y potencialmente afecta el sueño. Se encontró una asociación negativa y de intensidad moderada entre la AF y la CS y una asociación negativa y de intensidad débil entre la AFMV y el tiempo de sueño diario y tiempo de sueño diurno.

Conclusión: los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de estrategias integradas que promuevan la AFMV, reduzcan la CS y optimicen el sueño, considerando el entorno familiar y educativo y utilizando enfoques multidimensionales que fomenten estilos de vida activos y saludables en la primera infancia. Se requieren más estudios con muestras mayores y análisis longitudinales para comprender mejor estas conductas y sus interacciones.

Citas

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Publicado

2025-08-14

Cómo citar

Sepúlveda-Martin, S., Martínez-González, L., Barbosa-Gonzalez, P., & Cigarroa, I. I. (2025). Descripción de la actividad física, conducta sedentaria y sueño de infantes chilenos. Retos, 71, 101–113. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.111430

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas