Importancia de la supervisión profesional para mejorar la composición corporal en hombres entrenados en fuerza: un estudio preliminar no aleatorizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.114515Palabras clave:
Organización y administración, Hipertrofia, Fisicoculturismo, Entrenamiento fuerza, Centro FitnessResumen
Introducción: La supervisión profesional en el entrenamiento de fuerza para la composición corporal puede optimizar los resultados, sobre todo cuando el nivel es más avanzado. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza de quince meses en hombres entrenados que se ejercitaban sin supervisión profesional. Hipótesis: Los participantes con más de tres años consecutivos de experiencia en el entrenamiento de fuerza que entrenan sin supervisión profesional no mostrarían mejoras en la composición corporal. Métodos: Reclutamos a 17 hombres con más de tres años de experiencia para participar en este estudio longitudinal unigrupal, no aleatorizado. Los participantes tenían como objetivo aumentar el tejido muscular. Las mediciones basales de la composición corporal se obtuvieron mediante absorciometría dual de rayos X durante un ensayo clínico previo (inicial). Tras el período de entrenamiento no supervisado de 15 meses, los individuos incluidos en el análisis cumplieron con ciertos criterios de inclusión (respuestas a un cuestionario validado, capacidad para levantar más de 1,5 veces su masa corporal en el ejercicio de sentadilla). Resultados: Al final del estudio, no se observaron cambios significativos en la masa grasa (Δ = -0,29 (2,16) [-1,40, 0,82] kg; P = 0,587; dunb = -0,071 [-0,337, 0,191]) ni en la masa libre de grasa (MLG) ajustada (Δ = 0,19 (1,22) [-0,43, 0,82] kg; P = 0,516; dunb = 0,029 [-0,061, 0,121]) en comparación con el valor inicial. Esto probablemente se debió a una gestión deficiente del entrenamiento de autorregulación y de los componentes nutricionales. Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que quienes tienen más de 3 años de entrenamiento de fuerza podrían no mejorar su masa muscular tras 15 meses de entrenamiento no supervisado. La supervisión profesional y la adhesión a recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia son claves para optimizar los resultados.
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