Una intervención de actividad física basada en el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad mejora la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria y la masa grasa en niños de 7 a 10 años

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.115251

Palabras clave:

Aptitud cardiorrespiratoria; HIIT; escuela; educación física

Resumen

Introducción: Los esfuerzos para frenar la crisis de obesidad deben comenzar a una edad temprana, y promover la actividad física es clave para lograr resultados positivos a largo plazo. Una opción es el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT), el que se basa en ejercicios de alta intensidad en períodos cortos o largos, alternados con períodos de recuperación.

Objetivo: determinar la efectividad de la incorporación de la metodología HIIT a las clases de educación física sobre la masa grasa y la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en estudiantes de 7 a 10 años.

Metodología: estudio cuasiexperimental, que tuvo una duración de 12 semanas de duración. La muestra fue no probabilística. El grupo de intervención estuvo compuesto por 100 escolares y el grupo control por 40. La intervención se basó en la incorporación de la metodología HIIT a las clases de educación física.

Resultados: Tras la intervención, el grupo que incorporó la metodología HIIT a sus clases de educación física mostró mejoras significativas, disminuyendo la masa grasa (niñas, de 33,9% a 32,1%; niños de 23,5% a 22,5%) y mejorando la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (vo2máx) (niñas, de 16,9 a 18,7; niños, de 22,5 a 26,1).

Discusión: Una intervención HIIT es más eficaz que un programa de educación física tradicional para reducir la masa grasa y mejorar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en escolares de 7 a 10 años.

Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten considerar el HIIT como una opción válida para aumentar el tiempo de actividad física de moderada a vigorosa en las clases de educación física.

Citas

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2025-08-14

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Bruneau-Chávez, J., Godoy Cumillaf, A., Fuentes Merino, P., Giakoni Ramírez, F., Muñoz Strale, C., de Souza Lima, J., … Merellano Navarro, E. (2025). Una intervención de actividad física basada en el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad mejora la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria y la masa grasa en niños de 7 a 10 años. Retos, 71, 47–58. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.115251

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas