La teoría de la autodeterminación como marco para comprender el síndrome del deportista quemado: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.115775

Palabras clave:

Burnout del deportista, motivación, revisión sistemática, teoría de la autodeterminación , teoría de la integración organísmica, teoría de las necesidades psicológicas básicas

Resumen

Introducción: Los deportes de alto rendimiento implican exigencias importantes para los deportistas, lo que requiere una evaluación exhaustiva de los factores que influyen tanto su salud mental y como su rendimiento.

Objetivo: Este estudio pretende analizar la etiología del síndrome de burnout en los deportistas a través de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, con el fin de sintetizar la evidencia empírica sobre este tema.

Metodología: Se revisaron ocho estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2024, provenientes de diversos contextos internacionales, como China, Francia, Irlanda, Malasia, Singapur, España y el Reino Unido. La mayoría de los estudios emplearon diseños transversales (62,5%) y enfoques cuantitativos (75%).

Resultados: El Athlete Burnout Questionnaire fue el instrumento más utilizado, mientras que las aplicaciones de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación se basaron principalmente en la Teoría de la Integración Organísmica y la Teoría de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas.

Discusión: Los resultados indicaron que el burnout en los deportistas está estrechamente asociado con la motivación autodeterminada y la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, destacándose el papel mediador de la satisfacción de estas necesidades en la prevención del burnout.

Conclusiones: Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de implementar intervenciones que potencien la motivación autodeterminada y la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas, para mitigar el riesgo de burnout en los deportistas.

Citas

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Publicado

2025-08-19

Cómo citar

De Francisco, C., Llames, R. A., Scurtu, C., Tinoco, R., & Bohórquez, M. R. (2025). La teoría de la autodeterminación como marco para comprender el síndrome del deportista quemado: una revisión sistemática. Retos, 71, 358–376. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.115775

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis