Estado hematológico y del hierro en jugadoras atletas de élite en Albania

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116034

Palabras clave:

Deficiencia, deportistas de élite femeninas, estado de hierro, monitorización hematológica

Resumen

Introducción: El hierro y los indicadores hematológicos son esenciales para evaluar la salud general y el rendimiento deportivo, especialmente en mujeres atletas. La carencia de estudios centrados en jugadoras de élite en Albania resalta la necesidad de investigaciones localizadas que permitan un seguimiento eficaz de su estado fisiológico y estrategias de intervención adecuadas.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el estado hematológico y del hierro en atletas femeninas de élite en Albania, identificando deficiencias prevalentes y posibles causas subyacentes, como inflamación, deshidratación o factores nutricionales específicos.

Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo con 33 atletas femeninas de élite en Albania. Se recogieron muestras de sangre en ayunas durante la fase folicular temprana del ciclo menstrual, evitando ejercicio físico 24 horas antes. Se analizaron hemoglobina, hierro sérico, hematocrito y recuento de eritrocitos. Las medias se compararon con valores de referencia mediante pruebas t independientes. El nivel de significación estadística se estableció en p < 0,05.

Resultados: Los análisis revelaron niveles bajos de hemoglobina y hierro sérico en la mayoría de las atletas, lo que sugiere riesgo de anemia. Las causas pueden incluir deficiencia dietética, pérdida menstrual o sobrecarga física. En ciertos casos, niveles elevados podrían reflejar inflamación o hemoconcentración asociada al entrenamiento intenso.

Conclusiones: Se identificaron alteraciones hematológicas relevantes en las atletas evaluadas. Se recomienda implementar monitoreo regular, estrategias nutricionales individualizadas e investigaciones longitudinales que optimicen la salud y el rendimiento de las deportistas de élite.

Citas

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Publicado

2025-08-22

Cómo citar

Xhufi, S., & Bozo, D. (2025). Estado hematológico y del hierro en jugadoras atletas de élite en Albania. Retos, 71, 693–702. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116034

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas