Los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de propiocepción de 6 meses sobre la velocidad en jugadores jóvenes de fútbol

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116098

Palabras clave:

entrenamiento propioceptivo, fútbol, pruebas de velocidad, variables de rendimiento

Resumen

Introducción: La velocidad es un componente esencial en el rendimiento futbolístico. Aunque el entrenamiento tradicional se enfoca en la fuerza y la potencia, la propiocepción—la capacidad del cuerpo para percibir su posición y movimiento—es clave para el equilibrio y el control neuromuscular, factores determinantes en la eficiencia del movimiento.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento propioceptivo de 6 meses sobre la velocidad lineal y la velocidad de cambio de dirección en futbolistas adolescentes de 17 años.

Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un ensayo controlado aleatorizado con 62 futbolistas varones de 17 años. El grupo experimental realizó entrenamiento propioceptivo enfocado en la estabilidad del tobillo, rodilla y cadera, mientras que el grupo control siguió su rutina habitual. Se midió el rendimiento en velocidad y agilidad antes y después, utilizando pruebas t pareadas e independientes (p < 0,05).

Resultados: El grupo experimental mostró mejoras significativas en la velocidad lineal y de cambio de dirección tras seis meses, mientras que el grupo control no presentó cambios relevantes. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en las mediciones postest (p < 0,05).

Discusión: Las mejoras se atribuyen a un mayor control neuromuscular, equilibrio y estabilidad articular derivados del entrenamiento propioceptivo, lo que optimiza la ejecución de movimientos rápidos y precisos.

Conclusión: Un programa de propiocepción de 6 meses mejora significativamente el rendimiento de velocidad en jóvenes futbolistas, por lo que se recomienda su inclusión en los planes de desarrollo deportivo juvenil.

Biografía del autor/a

Aida Bendo, Sports University of Tirana

Sports University of Tirana

Citas

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Publicado

2025-08-22

Cómo citar

Bendo, A., & Adili, D. (2025). Los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de propiocepción de 6 meses sobre la velocidad en jugadores jóvenes de fútbol. Retos, 71, 580–592. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116098

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Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas