El papel de la actividad física en la modulación de biomarcadores inmunológicos y del estrés oxidativo en pacientes con cáncer: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116156Palabras clave:
actividad física, biomarcador inmunológico, estrés oxidativo, cánceResumen
Introducción: La PA es reconocida como una intervención segura y beneficiosa para las personas diagnosticadas con cáncer. Se recomienda que todos los pacientes con cáncer realicen PA de forma regular como parte integral de un plan de tratamiento integral.
Objetivo: Evaluar críticamente el papel de la PA en la modulación de biomarcadores inmunológicos y de estrés oxidativo en pacientes con cáncer.
Metodología: Una búsqueda exhaustiva en varias bases de datos académicas destacadas —incluyendo ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Sage, Google Scholar y Wiley— permitió identificar 1,447 artículos relevantes. Once estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión fueron incorporados a la revisión narrativa, seguida de una evaluación del riesgo de sesgo de cada estudio mediante la herramienta RoB 2.0.
Resultados: De los once estudios analizados, el 36.4% presentó bajo riesgo de sesgo, el 18.2% mostró preocupaciones potenciales respecto al sesgo, y el 45.5% presentó alto riesgo de sesgo. Discusión: La PA ha demostrado repetidamente influir en la regulación de las respuestas inmunológicas y de los indicadores de estrés oxidativo en individuos con cáncer. Contribuye a mejorar la función de células inmunitarias, incluidos los linfocitos T CD8⁺ y las células NK, y promueve la activación de enzimas antioxidantes tales como SOD, CAT y GPX. Además, reduce los marcadores proinflamatorios y favorece la expresión génica y de citocinas relacionadas con la regulación inmunitaria, posicionándola como un adyuvante prometedor para mejorar los resultados de la terapia contra el cáncer.
Conclusiones: Se ha demostrado que la PA mejora el desempeño del sistema inmunológico y mitiga el estrés oxidativo en pacientes con cáncer, aumentando simultáneamente la capacidad citotóxica de las células NK y los linfocitos T CD8⁺ para identificar y destruir células malignas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 La Saudi, Fiona Paramitha, Aby Nugrah Septanto, Novianti Lailiah, Nurullia Hanum Hilfida, Anja Hesnia Kholis, Wendi Muhammad Fadhli, Safaruddin Safaruddin, Yeni Septia Ningsi
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- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
