Efectos del ejercicio terapéutico sobre el dolor pélvico en mujeres con endometriosis: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Autores/as

  • Yoselyn Reyes Sánchez Universidad Santo tomas
  • Karen Alarcón Obreque Universidad santo tomas,Universidad Santo Tomás
  • Javiera Anjel Sepúlveda Universidad santo tomas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.116828

Palabras clave:

Endometriosis, dolor pélvico, ejercicio terapéutico, fisioterapia, calidad de vida

Resumen

Introducción: La endometriosis es una enfermedad ginecológica crónica caracterizada por dolor pélvico, dismenorrea y deterioro funcional. Aunque los tratamientos convencionales logran alivio parcial, persisten limitaciones clínicas. El ejercicio terapéutico ha emergido como alternativa complementaria efectiva.

Objetivo: Evaluar sistemáticamente el efecto del ejercicio terapéutico y las intervenciones físicas supervisadas sobre el dolor pélvico en mujeres con endometriosis.

Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar (1995-mayo 2025), seleccionando ensayos controlados, estudios pre-post y observacionales con medición objetiva de dolor. El metaanálisis utilizó modelo de efectos aleatorios (Hedges' g), análisis de heterogeneidad (I²) y evaluación de sesgo de publicación (Egger test).

Resultados: Se identificaron 2.721 registros; tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se analizaron 7 estudios, 5 de los cuales aportaron datos cuantificables (N = 226). El tamaño de efecto global fue Hedges' g = -1.73 (IC 95%: -2.42 a -1.04), indicando reducción significativa del dolor. La heterogeneidad fue moderada-alta (I² = 62.8%). Los subgrupos mostraron mayores beneficios para ejercicio supervisado (g = -2.90), terapia manual/hidroterapia (g = -2.00), yoga (g = -1.56) y psicoterapia somatosensorial (g = -1.17), mientras que las intervenciones digitales presentaron efectos menores (g = -0.50). No se observó sesgo de publicación (Egger p = 0.73). Conclusiones: El ejercicio terapéutico supervisado reduce significativamente el dolor pélvico en mujeres con endometriosis, siendo especialmente efectivo en intervenciones presenciales multicomponente.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Karen Alarcón Obreque, Universidad santo tomas,Universidad Santo Tomás

    Estudiante de Kinesiologia 

  • Javiera Anjel Sepúlveda, Universidad santo tomas

    Estudiante de Kinesiologia

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Publicado

21-10-2025

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

Cómo citar

Reyes Sánchez, Y., Alarcón Obreque, K., & Anjel Sepúlveda, J. (2025). Efectos del ejercicio terapéutico sobre el dolor pélvico en mujeres con endometriosis: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Retos, 73, 813-825. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.116828