Mejora de la aptitud funcional selectiva en estudiantes universitarios sedentarios mediante entrenamiento funcional con bandas de resistencia

Autores/as

  • Paulraj Manickavelu
  • Babu Subbaih Department of Physical Education, NIT Puducherry, Karaikal, India
  • Akshay K
  • Lakshna Girija Baskaran
  • Anand Babu Kaliyaperumal
  • Santhiya Paneerselvam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117024

Palabras clave:

Ejercicio aeróbico, prueba de rascado de espalda, entrenamiento de resistencia de bucle funcional , aptitud física, ejercicio de estiramiento

Resumen

Antecedentes: Los estudiantes universitarios sedentarios requieren aptitud física funcional. La aptitud física funcional se refiere a la capacidad de realizar actividades de la vida diaria de forma independiente y eficiente, incluyendo fuerza muscular, flexibilidad, resistencia aeróbica y equilibrio. El ejercicio físico es un factor clave para preservar y mejorar la aptitud física funcional.

Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio piloto controlado, pre-post, involucró a una cohorte de 43 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud afines que asistían a una universidad de ciencias de la salud afines en Puducherry, India. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos: el grupo A (n = 22), que recibió un programa integral que incluía ejercicios de fortalecimiento con banda de resistencia funcional, ejercicios aeróbicos y ejercicios de estiramiento, y el grupo B (n = 21), que recibió entrenamiento únicamente en estiramientos y ejercicios aeróbicos. Cada grupo recibió tres sesiones semanales durante seis semanas. Las capacidades de aptitud física funcional se midieron mediante la prueba de sentarse y levantarse (SST), la prueba de sentarse y alcanzar (SRT) y la prueba de rascado de espalda (BST), con mediciones iniciales y posteriores a la intervención.

Resultados: Se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante pruebas t pareadas para comparaciones intragrupales y pruebas t no pareadas para comparaciones intergrupales. El grupo A mostró mejoras significativamente mayores que el grupo B (p < 0,001), lo que sugiere que la inclusión del entrenamiento de fuerza con banda de resistencia funcional condujo a resultados superiores.

Conclusión: El estudio indica que la incorporación del entrenamiento de fuerza con banda de resistencia funcional junto con ejercicios aeróbicos y estiramientos mejora significativamente la condición física en estudiantes universitarios sedentarios, superando los efectos de las rutinas tradicionales de aeróbicos y estiramientos por separado.

Referencias

Abdul Hussein, A. F. (2025). Detección temprana de la hipertensión en estudiantes: un estudio trans-versal. Retos, 70, 1568–1574. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.116907

Alizadeh, S., Daneshjoo, A., Zahiri, A., Anvar, S. H., Goudini, R., Hicks, J. P., Konrad, A., & Behm, D. G. (2023). Resistance Training Induces Improvements in Range of Motion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 53(3), 707–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01804-x

Ayala, F., Sainz de Baranda, P., De Ste Croix, M., & Santonja, F. (2012). Absolute reliability of five clinical tests for assessing hamstring flexibility in professional futsal players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.10.002

Barkoukis, V., Ntoumanis, N., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2010). Developmental changes in achieve-ment motivation and affect in physical education: Growth trajectories and demographic diffe-rences. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.04.008

Barr-Anderson, D. J., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Lytle, L., Schmitz, K. H., Ward, D. S., Conway, T. L., Pratt, C., Baggett, C. D., & Pate, R. R. (2008). But I Like PE. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2008.10599456

Battista, F., Duregon, F., Vecchiato, M., Ermolao, A., & Neunhaeuserer, D. (2025). Sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity: A mutual interplay with early and overt frailty. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 35(6), 103971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.103971

Biddle, S., Wang, C. K. J., Kavussanu, M., & Spray, C. (2003). Correlates of achievement goal orientations in physical activity: A systematic review of research. European Journal of Sport Science, 3(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390300073504

Bishnoi, A., & Hernandez, M. E. (2025). Heart rate reserve effects on brain activation and cognitive-motor performance while doing an instrumented trail walking task in middle-aged to older adults. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus, 2(1), 100115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aggp.2024.100115

Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chas-tin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medici-ne, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955

De Castro-Maqueda, G., Rosety-Rodríguez, M. Á., & Fernández-Santos, J. R. (2025). Body Mass Index and Sedentary Behaviour Affect Hamstring Extensibility in Primary Education Students. Sports, 13(4), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040109

Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G. J., Amsterdam, E. A., Chaitman, B., Eckel, R., Fleg, J., Froelicher, V. F., Leon, A. S., Piña, I. L., Rodney, R., Simons-Morton, D. A., Williams, M. A., & Bazzarre, T. (2001). Exercise Standards for Testing and Training. Circulation, 104(14), 1694–1740. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc3901.095960

Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1·6 million parti-cipants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2

Hang, S., Xiaoyu, L., Jue, W., Yingli, L., & Li, Z. (2025). Effects of resistance training and aerobic training on improving the composition of middle-aged adults with obesity in an interventional study. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 33972. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11076-w

Kang, S.-J., Kim, , Eon-ho, & Ko, K.-J. (2016). Effects of aerobic exercise on the resting heart rate, physi-cal fitness, and arterial stiffness of female patients with metabolic syndrome. Journal of Physi-cal Therapy Science, 28(6), 1764–1768. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.1764

Kapsis, D. P., Tsoukos, A., Psarraki, M. P., Douda, H. T., Smilios, I., & Bogdanis, G. C. (2022). Changes in Body Composition and Strength after 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Functional Training with Two Different Loads in Physically Active Men and Women: A Randomized Controlled Study. Sports, 10(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10010007

La New, J. M., & Borer, K. T. (2022). Effects of Walking Speed on Total and Regional Body Fat in Healthy Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients, 14(3), 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030627

Leal-Martín, J., Muñoz-Muñoz, M., Sierra-Ramón, M., Cerezo-Arroyo, M., Gómez-Redondo, P., Alegre, L. M., Ara, I., García-García, F. J., & Mañas, A. (2024). Metabolic equivalents intensity thresholds for physical activity classification in older adults. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 21(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-024-00348-5

Lee, M., Lim, T., Lee, J., Kim, K., & Yoon, B. (2017). Optimal retraining time for regaining functional fit-ness using multicomponent training after long-term detraining in older adults. Archives of Ge-rontology and Geriatrics, 73, 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.07.028

Liu, X., Gao, Y., Lu, J., Ma, Q., Shi, Y., Liu, J., Xin, S., & Su, H. (2022). Effects of Different Resistance Exer-cise Forms on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Overweight and/or Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.791999

Lohne-Seiler, H., Kolle, E., Anderssen, S. A., & Hansen, B. H. (2016). Musculoskeletal fitness and balance in older individuals (65–85 years) and its association with steps per day: a cross sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 16(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0188-3

Lopes, J. S. S., Machado, A. F., Micheletti, J. K., de Almeida, A. C., Cavina, A. P., & Pastre, C. M. (2019). Ef-fects of training with elastic resistance versus conventional resistance on muscular strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE Open Medicine, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119831116

Manickavelu, P., S, B., & Kaliyaperumal, A. B. (2022). Prevalence of Diurnal Physical Mobility and Se-dentary Behavior among Allied Healthcare College Students in Puducherry, India. International Journal of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, 3(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.51757/IJEHS.3.3.2022.249173

Manickavelu, P., Subbiah, B., Kaliyaperumal, A. B., Benjamin, S. D., & S, K. (2022). The relationship bet-ween daily physical activity and respiratory function, flexibility, and body composition among allied healthcare college students. NeuroQuantology, 20(16), 1620–1629.

Mougios, V., Kazaki, M., Christoulas, K., Ziogas, G., & Petridou, A. (2005). Does the Intensity of an Exer-cise Programme Modulate Body Composition Changes? International Journal of Sports Medici-ne, 27(03), 178–181. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-865625

Muñoz-Bermejo, L., Adsuar, J. C., Mendoza-Muñoz, M., Barrios-Fernández, S., Garcia-Gordillo, M. A., Pé-rez-Gómez, J., & Carlos-Vivas, J. (2021). Test-Retest Reliability of Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biology, 10(6), 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10060510

Nam, J. S., Kim, H.-A., Kwak, T.-J., Cho, K. H., Jung, I.-Y., & Moon, C.-W. (2024). Feasibility of Mobile Health App-Based Home Aerobic Exercise for Physical Performance in Healthy Young Adults. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 48(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.230023

Ozaki, H., Sawada, S., Osawa, T., Natsume, T., Yoshihara, T., Deng, P., Machida, S., & Naito, H. (2020). Muscle Size and Strength of the Lower Body in Supervised and in Combined Supervised and Unsupervised Low-Load Resistance Training. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 19(4), 721–726.

Paluch, A. E., Boyer, W. R., Franklin, B. A., Laddu, D., Lobelo, F., Lee, D., McDermott, M. M., Swift, D. L., Webel, A. R., & Lane, A. (2024). Resistance Exercise Training in Individuals With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: 2023 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Asso-ciation. Circulation, 149(3). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001189

Park, J. H., Moon, J. H., Kim, H. J., Kong, M. H., & Oh, Y. H. (2020). Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Upda-ted Evidence of Potential Health Risks. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 41(6), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0165

Puetz, T. W., Flowers, S. S., & O’Connor, P. J. (2008). A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Ae-robic Exercise Training on Feelings of Energy and Fatigue in Sedentary Young Adults with Per-sistent Fatigue. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77(3), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1159/000116610

Qi, M., Moyle, W., Jones, C., & Weeks, B. (2019). Effects of Tai Chi Combined With Theraband Training on Physical Fitness, Psychological Well-being, and Pain in Older Sedentary Office Workers. To-pics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 35(4), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1097/TGR.0000000000000244

Quartiroli, A., & Maeda, H. (2014). Self-determined Engagement in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors of US College Students. International Journal of Exercise Science, 7(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.70252/SVGJ1383

Rubini, E. C., Costa, A. L. L., & Gomes, P. S. C. (2007). The Effects of Stretching on Strength Performance. Sports Medicine, 37(3), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737030-00003

Sands, W. A., McNeal, J. R., Murray, S. R., Ramsey, M. W., Sato, K., Mizuguchi, S., & Stone, M. H. (2013). Stretching and Its Effects on Recovery. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 35(5), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000004

Smith, M., Ellmore, M., Middleton, G., Murgatroyd, P., & Gee, T. (2017). Effects of Resistance Band Exer-cise on Vascular Activity and Fitness in Older Adults. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(03), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-121261

Stavres, J., Zeigler, M. P., & Bayles, M. P. (2018). Six Weeks of Moderate Functional Resistance Training Increases Basal Metabolic Rate in Sedentary Adult Women. International Journal of Exercise Science, 11(2), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.70252/FNIK8317

van der Ploeg, H. P., & Hillsdon, M. (2017). Is sedentary behaviour just physical inactivity by another name? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0601-0

Weiss, T., Kreitinger, J., Wilde, H., Wiora, C., Steege, M., Dalleck, L., & Janot, J. (2010). Effect of Functio-nal Resistance Training on Muscular Fitness Outcomes in Young Adults. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 8(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1728-869X(10)60017-2

Yildiz, S., Pinar, S., & Gelen, E. (2019). Effects of 8-Week Functional vs. Traditional Training on Athletic Performance and Functional Movement on Prepubertal Tennis Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(3), 651–661. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002956

Descargas

Publicado

08-11-2025

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Manickavelu, P., Subbaih, B., K, A., Baskaran, L. G., Kaliyaperumal, A. B., & Paneerselvam, S. (2025). Mejora de la aptitud funcional selectiva en estudiantes universitarios sedentarios mediante entrenamiento funcional con bandas de resistencia. Retos, 73, 1265-1276. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117024