Desarrollo y validación del respeto, la equidad y la inclusión (REI) en la Educación Física infantil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117214Palabras clave:
Equidad, Inclusión, Educación Física, Respeto, Valores del Deporte, Educación en ValoresResumen
Introducción. El comportamiento antisocial en adolescentes, como la violencia y el acoso escolar, se asocia con un mayor riesgo de trastornos mentales a lo largo de la vida, un menor funcionamiento social y malos resultados educativos.
Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar un instrumento para medir el respeto, la equidad y la inclusión en la educación física para niños de 8 a 12 años en Indonesia.
Metodología. El instrumento de 15 ítems, basado en el marco del COI, se dividió en tres subescalas que representan el respeto, la equidad y la inclusión. Cada ítem se diseñó para ser apropiado para la edad y relevante mediante consultas con expertos en valores del deporte juvenil, psicología infantil y pedagogía de la educación física. Se realizó un estudio piloto previo a la validación con 223 niños de diversas escuelas en Bandung, Indonesia. Se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio para evaluar la validez del constructo, mientras que la fiabilidad se evaluó mediante el Alfa de Cronbach.
Resultados. Los resultados mostraron un valor de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin de 0,707 y una varianza total explicada del 56,875%, lo que confirma la idoneidad del instrumento para el análisis factorial. El alfa de Cronbach de 0,649 indicó una consistencia interna aceptable en todos los ítems. El análisis de género reveló diferencias significativas en los valores deportivos generales, con puntuaciones más altas para las mujeres que para los hombres (rango medio = 122,00 frente a 103,42; p = 0,031).
Discusión y conclusiones. Este instrumento validado sirve como herramienta práctica para evaluar el respeto, la equidad y la inclusión (REI) en la educación física, enfatizando la necesidad de abordar las diferencias de género en los valores sociales. Se recomienda ampliar el alcance del instrumento, explorar los impactos longitudinales e integrar diversas metodologías para comprender mejor cómo estos valores se manifiestan y evolucionan en diversos contextos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Anira Anira, Amung Ma'mun, Agus Mahendra, Nuryadi Nuryadi, Syarifatunnisa Syarifatunnisa
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