Diferencias sexuales y asociaciones entre la actividad física con patrones electrocardiográficos en atletas aficionados: un estudio transversal

Autores/as

  • Younes Brouki Sports Science Research Team, Institute of Sports Sciences, Hassan I University of Settat (Morocco) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-989X
  • Youssef El Machrouh Sports Science Research Team, Institute of Sports Sciences, Hassan I University of Settat (Morocco)
  • Chaimae Khali Sports Science Research Team, Institute of Sports Sciences, Hassan I University of Settat (Morocco)
  • Mohamed Barkaoui Sports Science Research Team, Institute of Sports Sciences, Hassan I University of Settat (Morocco)
  • Aziz Eloirdi Sports Science Research Team, Institute of Sports Sciences, Hassan I University of Settat (Morocco) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-7787
  • Boujemaa Zahi Sports Science Research Team, Institute of Sports Sciences, Hassan I University of Settat (Morocco)
  • Aziz Chokri Sports Science Research Team, Institute of Sports Sciences, Hassan I University of Settat (Morocco)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.117255

Palabras clave:

actividad física, atletas aficionados, cardiología deportiva, diferencias de género, electrocardiograma

Resumen

Introducción: El aumento de los casos de muerte súbita entre los atletas aficionados marroquíes destaca la importancia de realizar exámenes médicos exhaustivos que incluyan electrocardiogramas.

Objetivo: Este estudio transversal tuvo como objetivo identificar la frecuencia de los hallazgos en el ECG de atletas aficionados marroquíes, examinar las disparidades de género y evaluar cómo los niveles de actividad física afectan los patrones eléctricos cardíacos.

Metodología: El estudio incluyó a 149 atletas aficionados (70 hombres, 79 mujeres) de la Universidad Hassan I de Settat. Los participantes se sometieron a un ECG de 12 derivaciones, mediciones antropométricas y una evaluación de la actividad física mediante el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física - Versión Corta (IPAQ-SF). Resultados: Los atletas masculinos mostraron tasas significativamente más altas de bradicardia sinusal (41.4 % frente a 12.7 %) y elevación del segmento ST (41.4 % frente a 0 %) que las mujeres (p<.0001). Los altos niveles de actividad física se asociaron significativamente con cambios en el ECG relacionados con el entrenamiento (p=.010) y con la elevación del segmento ST (p=.027).

Discusión: Estos hallazgos enfatizan la importancia de considerar los niveles de actividad física al interpretar los patrones del ECG en atletas aficionados y destacan las diferencias significativas de género en las adaptaciones cardíacas.

Conclusiones: Se necesitan guías de interpretación del ECG específicas por género para atletas aficionados, prestando especial atención a las adaptaciones relacionadas con el entrenamiento en los hombres y a la relación entre la intensidad de la actividad física y los patrones eléctricos cardíacos.

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Publicado

2025-08-22

Cómo citar

Brouki, Y., El Machrouh, Y., Khali, C., Barkaoui, M., Eloirdi, A., Zahi, B., & Chokri, A. (2025). Diferencias sexuales y asociaciones entre la actividad física con patrones electrocardiográficos en atletas aficionados: un estudio transversal. Retos, 71, 555–565. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.117255

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas