Efectos del HIIT de bajo volumen y el entrenamiento MICT en adultos con resistencia a la insulina: revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • Yoselyn Reyes Sánchez Universidad Santo tomas
  • Rocio Bustos Barahona Universidad santo tomas
  • Eduardo Cruzat Bravo Universidad santo tomas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117280

Palabras clave:

ejercicio físico, entrenamiento de alta intensidad, resistencia a la insulina, diabetes, ejercicio de bajo volumen

Resumen

Introducción: El entrenamiento físico es un pilar clave en el manejo de la resistencia a la insulina y la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad de bajo volumen (LV-HIIT) ha sido propuesto como alternativa eficiente en tiempo al entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT), ampliamente recomendado en guías internacionales.

Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia de ensayos controlados aleatorizados comparando los efectos de LV-HIIT y MICT sobre parámetros glucémicos y sensibilidad a la insulina en adultos con alteraciones metabólicas.

Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar (2015–2024). Se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorizados que compararon LV-HIIT (≤30 minutos totales, 85–95% FCmáx o VO₂max) vs. MICT (≥30 minutos, 55–70% FCmáx) en adultos ≥50 años. Los desenlaces primarios fueron: glucosa plasmática en ayunas (FPG), hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), insulina plasmática en ayunas (FPI), HOMA-IR y sensibilidad a la insulina.

Resultados: 8 estudios (n=270) fueron incluidos. Ambos protocolos mejoraron FPG, HbA1c, FPI y HOMA-IR, con reducciones absolutas mayores en LV-HIIT, aunque sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas consistentes entre grupos. La sensibilidad a la insulina mejoró significativamente con LV-HIIT en algunos estudios que aplicaron métodos directos.

Conclusión: El LV-HIIT es una estrategia eficaz y eficiente en tiempo para mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, generando adaptaciones metabólicas rápidas, con resultados comparables o superiores al MICT.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Rocio Bustos Barahona, Universidad santo tomas

    Kinesióloga
    Magíster en Ejercicio Físico y Salud

  • Eduardo Cruzat Bravo, Universidad santo tomas

    Kinesiólogo
    Magíster en Educación
    Doctorado en Ciencias del Desarrollo Humano

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Publicado

21-10-2025

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Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

Cómo citar

Reyes Sánchez, Y., Bustos Barahona, R., & Cruzat Bravo, E. (2025). Efectos del HIIT de bajo volumen y el entrenamiento MICT en adultos con resistencia a la insulina: revisión sistemática. Retos, 73, 798-812. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117280