La retirada del deporte en el siglo XXI: una revisión sistemática de alcance

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117388

Palabras clave:

Retirada deportiva, transición de carrera deportiva, bienestar psicológico, salud mental, impacto psicosocial

Resumen

Introducción: La retirada deportiva constituye una transición vital, compleja y multifactorial, con implicaciones significativas para el bienestar psicológico, social y ocupacional de los deportistas de alto rendimiento.

Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la retirada en los aspectos psicosociales y en la salud mental de esta población.

Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de alcance siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed y Scopus, abarcando estudios publicados entre 2004 y el 21 de septiembre de 2025. De los 12.236 artículos identificados, 73 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión.

Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que la retirada deportiva está influida por factores como: (a) identidad deportiva, (b) planificación del retiro, (c) relaciones sociales y familiares, (d) salud mental, (e) salud física y (f) diferencias individuales.

Discusión: Un desajuste en estos dominios puede derivar en crisis personales, conflictos familiares, dificultades de inserción laboral y mayores riesgos de ansiedad, estrés o depresión. Es fundamental fomentar una identidad multidimensional y planificar la retirada durante la etapa activa, fortaleciendo las relaciones sociales y familiares y cuidando la salud física y mental.

Conclusiones: Deben implementarse estrategias de inserción laboral, educación financiera, apoyo psicológico y construcción de nuevas rutinas y redes sociales fuera del deporte. Asimismo, la atención a colectivos vulnerables (mujeres, personas con discapacidad y deportistas lesionados), la consideración de particularidades culturales y la corresponsabilidad institucional mediante políticas específicas son ejes esenciales para una transición postdeportiva más adaptativa, equitativa y sostenible.

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16-10-2025

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

Cómo citar

Garcia-Naveira, A., González Fernández, M. D., Gil-Caselles, L., & Acebes-Sánchez, J. (2025). La retirada del deporte en el siglo XXI: una revisión sistemática de alcance. Retos, 73, 663-687. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117388