El turismo y el deporte como instrumentos de resiliencia: reconstrucción de vidas y resolución de la crisis de identidad cultural en las comunidades desplazadas después del conflicto del noreste de la India

Autores/as

  • Sparsh Tiwari
  • Tanjeela Mehboob
  • Monisha Bordoloi
  • Kuntal Kalita
  • Sanjoy Ronghang
  • Ritishna Sarma
  • Jimpy Saud

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117406

Palabras clave:

Identidad cultural, reconstrucción posconflicto, resiliencia, turismo, deportes

Resumen

Introducción: Las sociedades de posguerra en el noreste de la India enfrentan desafíos de rehabilitación económica, pérdida de identidad cultural y desintegración social. El turismo y el deporte contribuyen de forma independiente a la resiliencia, pero su potencial combinado está poco explorado.

Objetivo: Este estudio examina cómo la integración del turismo y el deporte mejora la resiliencia y reconstruye la identidad cultural entre las comunidades desplazadas.

Metodología: Un enfoque de métodos mixtos combinó técnicas cualitativas, entrevistas, grupos focales y observaciones de campo con indicadores cuantitativos de cambio socioeconómico. El muestreo intencional y de bola de nieve se dirigió a personas desplazadas, líderes comunitarios y partes interesadas en distritos seleccionados. Los datos se analizaron temáticamente y mediante estadística descriptiva.

Resultados: Las iniciativas turísticas aumentaron los hogares generadores de turistas (24%-67%), los empleos sectoriales (18%-42%), la participación de las mujeres (12%-39%) y el índice de ingresos (+28%). Los programas deportivos mejoraron las relaciones intergrupales (46%), revivieron los juegos tradicionales (38%), mejoraron la participación de los jóvenes (52%) y redujeron los conflictos (21%). Las intervenciones integradas lograron altos puntajes de resiliencia económica (8.0), cultural (7.9) y social (7.6).

Discusión: La integración turismo-deporte demostró ser más efectiva que las medidas de un solo sector para promover la estabilidad, la preservación cultural y la unidad social.

Conclusiones: La combinación del turismo y el deporte apoya la recuperación sostenible de la reconstrucción posterior al conflicto al reforzar la seguridad económica, la renovación cultural y la cohesión comunitaria. Los marcos de políticas deben adoptar estrategias intersectoriales para fortalecer la resiliencia a largo plazo en las sociedades de posguerra.

Referencias

Abdeta, C., Cliff, D. P., Toledo-Vargas, M., & Okely, A. D. (2025). 24-hour movement behaviours and health outcomes among forcibly displaced children affected by conflict or natural disasters: a scoping review. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 1799. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22996-7

Ahmad, M., & Wilkins, S. (2025). Purposive sampling in qualitative research: A framework for the en-tire journey. Quality & Quantity, 59, 1461–1479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-024-02022-5

Ahmed, S. K., Mohammed, R. A., Nashwan, A. J., Ibrahim, R. H., Abdalla, A. Q., Ameen, B. M. M., & Khdhir, R. M. (2025). Using thematic analysis in qualitative research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 6, 100198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2025.100198

Ahn, Y. J., Kang, E. M., Kiatkawsin, K., & Zielinski, S. (2023). Relationships between Community Festival Participation, Social Capital, and Subjective Well-Being in a Cross-Cultural Context. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 11(16), 2361. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11162361

Ali, S., Kennedy, M., & Salma, J. (2022). A scoping review on community-based programs to promote physical activity in older immigrants. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 31(1), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2021-0258

Bakhsh, J. T., Robertson, J., & Rowe, K. (2024). Mixed methods in sport management: A review and di-rections for future research. Sport Management Review, 27(5), 682–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2024.2347004

Benton, J. S., Cotterill, S., Anderson, J., Macintyre, V. G., Gittins, M., Dennis, M., & French, D. P. (2021). A natural experimental study of improvements along an urban canal: Impact on canal usage, physical activity and other wellbeing behaviours. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutri-tion and Physical Activity, 18(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01088-w

Dašić, D., & Vuković, M. (2024). Mixing quantitative and qualitative methods in scientific research in sports. Sporticopedia – SMB, 2(1), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.58984/smbic240201285d

De la Vega-Taboada, E., Stephens, D. P., & Marín, K. (2025, May 26). “Through the excuse of football, we strengthen medical services”: How football-oriented sport for development organizations pre-vent youth violence by promoting healthy development in Colombia. Qualitative Health Re-search. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323251316756

Gadais, T., Varela Pulido, N., Soto, V., Vinazco, S., & Garzon, M. (2023). How sport changed my life? De-scription of the perceived effects of the experiences of young Colombians throughout a sport for development and peace program. Frontiers in sports and active living, 5, 1046937. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1046937

Gingell, T., Adhikari, R., Eltahir, N., Ntahomvukiye, F., Pe, E., Murray, K., Correa-Velez, I., & Gallegos, D. (2024). 'It is human work': qualitatively exploring community roles that facilitate cultural food security for people from refugee backgrounds. Public health nutrition, 27(1), e64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024000326

Huang, L., Zan, J., Lv, K., & Zhao, X. (2025). A systematic review of mixed methods research in tourism and hospitality. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 63, 163-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2025.03.007

Hunter, R. F., Adlakha, D., Cardwell, C., Cupples, M. E., Donnelly, M., Ellis, G., Gough, A., Hutchinson, G., Kearney, T., Longo, A., Prior, L., McAneney, H., Ferguson, S., Johnston, B., Stevenson, M., Kee, F., & Tully, M. A. (2021). Investigating the physical activity, health, wellbeing, social and environ-mental effects of a new urban greenway: a natural experiment (the PARC study). The interna-tional journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 18(1), 142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01213-9

James, P. B., Renzaho, A. M. N., Mwanri, L., Miller, I., Wardle, J., Gatwiri, K., & Lauche, R. (2022). The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among African migrants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry research, 317, 114899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114899

Jiang, W., Yang, Y., He, Y., Liu, Q., Deng, X., Hua, Y., Hayixibayi, A., Ni, Y., & Guo, L. (2024). Contribution of diversity of social participation on the mental health of humanitarian migrants during resettle-ment. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 33, e29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000313

Jiang, X., Mastromartino, B., Li, X., & Zhang, J. J. (2025). Value Co-Creation in Participatory Sports Event Tourism: A Mixed Methods Study. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15(3), 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15030368

Kaur, K., & Hazarika, D. (2025). Displacement in north-western and north east India: Challenges and pathways to rehabilitation. International Journal of Applied Social Science, 12(3–4), 240–251. https://doi.org/10.36537/IJASS/12.3&4/240-251

Kaurav, R. P. S., Gursoy, D., & Chowdhary, N. (Eds.). (2021). An SPSS guide for tourism, hospitality and events researchers. Routledge.

Kegelaers, J., Baetens, I., Soyez, V., Van Heel, M., Van Hove, L., & Wylleman, P. (2023). Strengthening Mental Health and Resilience Through Schools: Protocol for a Participatory Design Project. JMIR research protocols, 12, e49670. https://doi.org/10.2196/49670

Londoño, M. D. P. L., Molero, R. T., Medina, F. X., Naudí, S. A., & Bergara, S. S. (2021). Turismo deportivo: Una oportunidad para los territorios locales en un contexto global. Un estudio Delphi [Sport tourism: An opportunity for local regions in a global context. A Delphi study]. Retos, 42, 77–88. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.86696

Makoha, G., & Denov, M. (2024). War, forced displacement, and alcohol abuse: experiences and percep-tions of war-affected south Sudanese refugee youth living in Bidibidi refugee settlement in northern Uganda. Frontiers in public health, 12, 1232504. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1232504

Maple, M., O'Neill, K., Gartshore, S., Clark, J., White, J., & Pearce, T. (2023). School-based multidiscipli-nary student-led clinics in health and Australian accreditation standards: A scoping review. The Australian journal of rural health, 31(6), 1168–1183. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajr.13051

Martinovic, D., Tokic, D., Vilovic, M., Rusic, D., Bukic, J., & Bozic, J. (2021). Sport dietary supplements and physical activity in biomedical students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 2046. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042046

Padeiro, M., de São José, J., Amado, C., Sousa, L., Roma Oliveira, C., Esteves, A., & McGarrigle, J. (2022). Neighborhood Attributes and Well-Being Among Older Adults in Urban Areas: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. Research on aging, 44(5-6), 351–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027521999980

Reddy, M. V., Boyd, S. W., & Nica, M. (2020). Towards a post-conflict tourism recovery framework. An-nals of tourism research, 84, 102940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102940

Rossetti, G. (2023). Conceptualising participant observations in festival tourism. Current Issues in Tour-ism, 27(12), 1884–1897. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2214850

Rozanov V. (2020). Mental health problems and suicide in the younger generation - implications for prevention in the Navy and merchant fleet. International maritime health, 71(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.5603/IMH.2020.0009

Shobana, D., & Kumar, J. S. (2023). Resilience and reinvention: North East states in sustainable tourism industry transition. International Journal of All Research in Engineering, Science and Manage-ment, 11(10), 51–59.

Sudarmanto, E., Budi Raharjo, B., Kristiyanto, A. ., Sulaiman, S., Setyawati, H., Priyono, B. ., & Jariono, G. (2025). A Systematic Review for the Development of Sustainable Tourism Destinations Based on Sports Tourism. Retos , 62 , 646–654. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.108401

Taheri, B., & Okumus, F. (2024). Conducting mixed methods research. International Journal of Contem-porary Hospitality Management, 36(3), 995-1004. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2023-1309

Ting, H., Memon, M. A., Thurasamy, R., & Cheah, J. H. (2025). Snowball sampling: A review and guide-lines for survey research. Asian Journal of Business Research, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.250186

Tomasella, B. (2022). Abductive thematic analysis in hospitality and tourism research. In Contempo-rary research methods in hospitality and tourism (pp. 203-219). Emerald Publishing Limited.

Warmenhoven, J., Menaspà, P., Borg, D. N., Vazire, S., White, N., Sainani, K., Nimphius, S., Coutts, A. J., & Impellizzeri, F. M. (2025). Sports Metaresearch: An Emerging Discipline of Sport Science and Medicine. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 55(4), 845–856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02181-x

Wood, J. M., Booth, A. O., Margerison, C., & Worsley, A. (2021). What factors are associated with food security among recently arrived refugees resettling in high-income countries? A scoping re-view. Public health nutrition, 24(13), 4313–4327. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021002925

Descargas

Publicado

11-11-2025

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Tiwari, S., Mehboob, T., Bordoloi, M., Kalita, K., Ronghang, S., Sarma, R., & Saud, J. (2025). El turismo y el deporte como instrumentos de resiliencia: reconstrucción de vidas y resolución de la crisis de identidad cultural en las comunidades desplazadas después del conflicto del noreste de la India. Retos, 73, 1287-1297. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117406