Efectos de ejercicios derivados de los levantamientos olímpicos sobre el rendimiento físico en nadadores preadolescentes: un estudio piloto

Autores/as

  • Angie Hernández Álzate
  • Daniel Hurtado Mosquera
  • Brayan Rivera Jurado
  • Marvyn Moya Ortega Politécnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117418

Palabras clave:

Entrenamiento de fuerza, potencia muscular, natación juvenil, rendimiento físico

Resumen

Introducción: Los ejercicios derivados del levantamiento olímpico, como el arranque y el envión, se han propuesto como una estrategia eficaz para mejorar el rendimiento físico, favoreciendo la transferencia hacia el gesto técnico específico de diversas disciplinas deportivas.

Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de un programa de doce semanas con ejercicios derivados de los levantamientos olímpicos sobre el rendimiento físico en nadadores juveniles de natación con aletas.

Metodología: Se planteó un diseño de investigación longitudinal de tipo descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, y media pretest y postest. Participaron seis nadadores con aletas (edad: 11,6 ± 0,9 años; peso: 38,5 ± 6,3 kg; talla: 1,43 ± 0,1 m; IMC: 18,9 ± 1,9 kg/m²), quienes fueron evaluados mediante lanzamiento de balón medicinal, salto vertical (CMJ) y sentadilla trasera. El programa de entrenamiento se estructuró con ejercicios de sobrecarga progresiva.

Resultados: Se observaron mejoras significativas en el lanzamiento de balón (+15,1%, p=0,002) y en la velocidad de ejecución de la sentadilla trasera (p<0,05). Aunque el CMJ mostró un incremento del 5,9%, este no alcanzó significancia estadística (p=0,11).

Discusión: La aplicación del entrenamiento de fuerza en poblaciones juveniles continúa siendo objeto de debate. Existen múltiples enfoques y metodologías desde el entrenamiento con el propio peso corporal hasta el uso de cargas externas, cada uno con diferentes niveles de evidencia Conclusiones: Los ejercicios derivados de la halterofilia constituyen una estrategia eficaz para mejorar la potencia de tren superior y la velocidad de ejecución en fuerza de tren inferior en nadadores juveniles, aunque se requieren estudios con mayor tamaño muestral para confirmar los efectos sobre la potencia de salto.

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Publicado

10-11-2025

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Hernández Álzate, A., Hurtado Mosquera, D., Rivera Jurado, B., & Moya Ortega, M. (2025). Efectos de ejercicios derivados de los levantamientos olímpicos sobre el rendimiento físico en nadadores preadolescentes: un estudio piloto. Retos, 73, 1312-1321. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117418