Regulación emocional y resultados competitivos en deportes de combate: dinámica afectiva antes y después de combates pareados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117420Palabras clave:
Deportes de combate, Éxito competitivo, Regulación afectiva, Aprendizaje automático, Psicología del deporteResumen
Objetivo: Este estudio analizó la capacidad predictiva de las emociones previas a la competencia, los estados emocionales posteriores y sus variaciones (delta) en la determinación de los resultados competitivos.
Métodos: Treinta y siete atletas (27 hombres, 10 mujeres; 24,4±7,3 años) respondieron el Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ) antes y después de una competencia. Se evaluaron cinco emociones (ansiedad, tristeza, ira, excitación y alegría) mediante estadística descriptiva, pruebas paramétricas/no paramétricas (α=0,05), tamaños del efecto y modelos de aprendizaje automático (regresión logística y Random Forest).
Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas en emociones precompetitivas entre ganadores (n=18) y perdedores (n=19), aunque los ganadores mostraron mayor excitación (d’=0,55) y alegría (d’=0,41). La ansiedad emergió como el principal predictor en los modelos de aprendizaje automático. Tras la competencia, los ganadores presentaron niveles significativamente más altos en todas las emociones (p<0,001), con especial destaque en excitación (d’=1,4) y alegría (r=0,64). El análisis de deltas mostró incrementos significativos en excitación (+2,00) y alegría (+2,94) en ganadores, frente a reducciones en tristeza (−6,89) e ira (−5,53) en perdedores. El modelo predictivo basado en deltas alcanzó 78,2% de precisión, siendo el cambio en la alegría el predictor más robusto (OR=3,62).
Conclusiones: Los estados emocionales posteriores a la competencia y sus variaciones dinámicas predicen mejor el rendimiento que las emociones previas. Intervenciones dirigidas a una regulación emocional adaptativa podrían optimizar el desempeño deportivo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Michele Andrade de Brito, José Raimundo Fernandes, Alejandro Vieira Andrade, Otávio de Toledo Nóbrega, Bianca Miarka, Esteban Aedo-Muñoz, Diego Valenzuela Pérez, Pedro Henrique Lau Barbosa, Keveenrick Ferreira Costa, Ciro José Brito
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