Efectos del entrenamiento a corto plazo sobre la aptitud aeróbica y anaeróbica en jugadores de fútbol universitario
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117428Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento en circuito, entrenamiento intermitente, lactato en sangre, aeróbico, anaeróbicoResumen
Objetivo: Este estudio investiga la eficacia de cuatro semanas de entrenamiento intermitente de sprints (INT) y entrenamiento en circuito (CT) sobre el rendimiento aeróbico y anaeróbico en jugadores de fútbol universitario.
Metodología: Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente y de manera equitativa a uno de los dos grupos de entrenamiento (INT o CT). Ambos grupos completaron el régimen estándar de entrenamiento de fútbol, complementado con sus respectivos programas de entrenamiento durante las cuatro semanas. El consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO₂max), la capacidad anaeróbica (CA) y la potencia anaeróbica se evaluaron como indicadores principales del rendimiento aeróbico y anaeróbico, respectivamente. Además, se midieron las concentraciones de lactato en sangre a los 0 y 3 minutos tras una prueba de sprints repetidos.
Resultados: Un ANOVA de medidas repetidas reveló mejoras significativas en VO₂max (p = 0.004) y en la CA (p = 0.009) después del periodo de entrenamiento de cuatro semanas, sin diferencias significativas entre las dos intervenciones. Cabe destacar que se observó un aumento significativo en la potencia anaeróbica mínima (Pmin) (p = 0.043), a pesar de una mayor acumulación de lactato en comparación con los niveles previos al entrenamiento, lo que sugiere una mayor capacidad para mantener la velocidad bajo condiciones de fatiga muscular.
Conclusión: Estos hallazgos indican que ambos métodos de entrenamiento son eficaces para mejorar el rendimiento aeróbico y anaeróbico en jugadores de fútbol universitario. Sin embargo, los mecanismos fisiológicos subyacentes que explican las respuestas y adaptaciones a estas modalidades de entrenamiento requieren una investigación más profunda.
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