Más allá de las barreras: evaluación de la alfabetización física en niños con necesidades especiales

Autores/as

  • Fajar Ari Widiyatmoko Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
  • Caly Setiawan
  • Muhammad Hamid Anwar
  • Galih Dwi Pradipta
  • Osa Maliki
  • Dewangga Yudhistira
  • Franciska Dina Dameria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117640

Palabras clave:

Alfabetización física, niños con necesidades especiales, Educación Física inclusiva, ciudad de Semarang

Resumen

Introducción y Objetivo. La alfabetización física constituye un concepto holístico que integra dimensiones físicas, cognitivas y afectivas; sin embargo, su desarrollo en niños con necesidades educativas especiales en Indonesia sigue siendo poco investigado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el nivel y las características de la alfabetización física en estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales en la ciudad de Semarang, analizando las variaciones según el nivel educativo y el tipo de discapacidad.

Metodología. Se empleó un diseño descriptivo cuantitativo con un enfoque transversal. Los datos se recopilaron de 228 estudiantes de entre 6 y 16 años matriculados en escuelas especiales. Los instrumentos PLAYself y PLAYinventory, adaptados al contexto local, se aplicaron mediante observación guiada y cuestionarios estructurados durante tres meses. El análisis estadístico descriptivo permitió calcular los promedios y las distribuciones porcentuales de cada dominio de alfabetización física.

Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudiantes se ubicaron en los niveles inicial y emergente, con una mejora en la etapa de secundaria básica seguida de un descenso en la etapa superior. Los puntajes más altos se observaron en los dominios de autodescripción y entorno, mientras que los de alfabetización y numeración fueron menores, lo que refleja una limitada integración cognitiva en las actividades físicas.

Conclusiones. Se concluye que el desarrollo de la alfabetización física en estos estudiantes está determinado no solo por la competencia motora, sino también por factores psicosociales y contextuales. Se recomienda implementar estrategias pedagógicas inclusivas, sostenibles y basadas en la experiencia para fortalecer la alfabetización física de manera integral.

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Publicado

08-11-2025

Número

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Widiyatmoko, F. A., Setiawan, C., Anwar, M. H., Pradipta, G. D., Maliki, O., Yudhistira, D., & Dameria, F. D. (2025). Más allá de las barreras: evaluación de la alfabetización física en niños con necesidades especiales. Retos, 73, 1029-1038. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117640