Cronobiología y rendimiento físico en el deporte “el reloj biológico”

Autores/as

  • Javier Eduardo Vanegas-Castillo Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-8875
  • William Alberto Peña Ramírez Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
  • Miguel Orlando Noy Martínez

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117666

Palabras clave:

Cortisol, cronobiología, deporte, fuerza, melatonina, temperatura corporal

Resumen

Introducción: La cronobiología, disciplina que estudia los ritmos biológicos, ha demostrado que la hora del día en que se realiza la actividad física influye de manera significativa en el rendimiento deportivo.

Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo analizar el estado actual de la investigación sobre la contribución de la cronobiología al deporte y sus beneficios para los atletas, deportistas y personas que realizan ejercicio de alta intensidad.

Metodología: La búsqueda incluyó artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2025. Para ello, se utilizaron bases de datos sin restricciones de idioma, lo que arrojó 296 artículos en la búsqueda inicial.

Resultados: Finalmente, se seleccionó un total de 14 estudios basados en el proceso metodológico, considerando las variables de cronobiología, deporte, fuerza y temperatura corporal.

Conclusiones: Los estudios sobre cronobiología y deporte demuestran que los programas de entrenamiento basados en el conocimiento de los ritmos circadianos constituyen una herramienta crucial para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo y mitigar el riesgo de fatiga y lesiones.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Javier Eduardo Vanegas-Castillo, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia

    Docente de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Candidato a Doctor en Ciencias y Tecnologías de la Actividad Física y el Deporte de la Universidad Manuela Beltrán. 

Referencias

Anderson, T., Vrshek-Schallhorn, S., Adams, WM et al. The effect of intense exercise on cortisol response upon awakening. Eur J Appl Physiol 123, 1027–1039 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05132-4

Asmat Inostrosa, Marita del Pilar, De La Torre Robles, José Manuel, Casares Del Rio, María Victoria, & Espadas Lazo, Carmen. (2018). Night work and breast cancer in healthcare personnel. Journal of the Spanish Association of Occupational Medicine Specialists, 27(3), 141-149. Epub December 28, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2025, from http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S3020-11602018000300141&lng=es&tlng=es.

Atkinson, G., Reilly, T. Circadian variation in athletic performance. Sports Med 21, 292–312 (1996). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199621040-00005

Ayala, V., Martínez-Bebia, M., Latorre, JA, Giménez-Blasi, N., Jiménez-Casquet, MJ, Conde-Pipo, J., … Ma-riscal-Arcas, M. (2021). Influence of circadian rhythms on athletic performance. International Chronobiology, 38 (11), 1522-1536. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2021.1933003

Bambaeichi, E., Reilly, T., Cable, NT, & Giacomoni, M. (2004). Isolated and combined effects of mens-trual cycle phase and time of day on muscle strength in eumenorrheic women. Chronobiology International, 21(4–5), 645–660. https://doi.org/10.1081/CBI-120039206

Birch, K., & Reilly, T. (2002). DIURNAL RHYTHM IN ISOMETRIC MUSCLE PERFORMANCE DIFFERES WITH MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE IN EUMENORRHEUIC WOMEN. Chronobiology Internatio-nal, 19(4), 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1081/CBI-120006083

Blazer, H. J., Jordan, CL, Pederson, J. A., Rogers, R. R., Williams, T. D., Marshall, M. R., & Ballmann, C. G. (2020). Effects of Training Time Preference on Endurance Exercise Performance Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 92(3), 492–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1751032

Drust, B., Waterhouse, J., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., & Reilly, T. (2005). Circadian rhythms in athletic performance: An update. Chronobiology International, 22(1), 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1081/CBI-200041039

Edwards, BJ, Boyle, BB, Burniston, JG, Doran, DA, Doran, D., Giacomoni, M., … Pullinger, SA (2025). Evi-dence of circadian variation in 10 km laboratory time trial performance, where a standardized approach has been employed. Chronobiology International, 42(2), 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2025.2459668

Edwards, B.J., Gibbins, K.P., Morgan, C.J., Giacomoni, M., Robertson, C.M., Low, D.A., & Pullinger, S.A. (2025). Investigating the effects of moderate hyperthermia on two phases of the circadian cy-cle of core temperature (heat gain and peak) on maximum voluntary contraction strength of the quadriceps. Chronobiology International, 42(5), 622–639. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2025.2494631

Mhenni, T., Michalsik, LB, Mejri, MA, Yousfi, N., Chaouachi, A., Souissi, N., & Chamari, K. (2016). Morning-evening difference in short-term maximum physical performance related to handball in female handball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(9), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1201212

Mirizio, GG, Nunes, RSM, Vargas, DA, et al. Effects of time of day on maximum short-duration exercise performance. Sci Rep 10, 9485 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66342-w

Orhan, B. E., Hazra, S., Biswas, S., Karak, P. K., Mondal, S., Halder, S., & Gaur, M. P. (2025). Effect of diur-nal variations on cognitive and physical performance among female athletes. Retos, 68, 874-888. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113742

Párraga García, V. L., Chica Aguilar, G. A., Román Macías, B. Y., Muñoz Ureta, N. M., & Ponce Alencastro, J. A. (2025). Chronobiology and chronopharmacology in old age: Fundamentals and perspectives for geriatric care. Revista Social Fronteriza, 5(4), e–806. https://doi.org/10.59814/resofro.2025.5(4)806

Pullinger, S., Robertson, CM, Oakley, AJ, Hobbs, R., Hughes, M., Burniston, JG, & Edwards, BJ (2018). Effects of active warm-up on bench press and back squat variation (upper and lower body measures). Chronobiology International, 36(3), 392–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1552596

Robertson, CM, Pullinger, SA, Robinson, WR, Smith, ME, Burniston, JG, Waterhouse, JM, & Edwards, BJ (2018). Is diurnal variation in muscle strength detected when analyzing multi-joint movements with the MuscleLab force-velocity encoder? Chronobiology International, 35(10), 1391–1401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1485685

Robertson, CM, Pullinger, SA, Robinson, WR, Smith, ME, Burniston, JG, & Edwards, BJ (2024). Circadian variation in muscle strength in males using isokinetic and isometric dynamometry: can we observe it in multi-joint movements using the MuscleLab force-velocity encoder? Are they si-milar in peak and magnitude? Chronobiology International, 41(5), 709–724. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2024.2348011

Serin, Y., & Acar Tek, N. (2019). Effect of Circadian Rhythm on Metabolic Processes and the Regulation of Energy Balance. Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 74(4), 322–330. https://doi.org/10.1159/000500071

Shephard, RJ Sleep, Biorhythms, and Human Performance. Sports Medicine 1, 11–37 (1984). https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198401010-00003

Souissi, A., Yousfi, N., Souissi, N., Haddad, M., & Driss, T. (2020). The effect of diurnal variation on the performance of exhaustive continuous and alternated-intensity cycling exercises. PloS one, 15(12), e0244191. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244191

Stawiarska, A., Gajdosz, R., Chwała, W., & Gajdosz, A. (2024). Circadian variability of bioelectric muscle tone in static and dynamic anaerobic exercises in men. Acta of bioengineering and biomecha-nics, 26(4), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-02527-2024-02

Ünver, E., & Cinemre, Ş. A. (2019). The effect of circadian rhythm on drop jump performance. Isokine-tics and Exercise Science, 27(4), 333-339. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-192174

Valle Flores, J. A., Rosado Álvarez, M. M., Hidalgo Torres, J. L., Villamar Vásquez, G. I., Jurado Auria, S. A., Valenzuela Burbano, K. G., & Bazurto Hidalgo, C. E. (2025). Relationship between physical activi-ty and sleep quality in university students: a cross-sectional study. Retos, 68, 1477-1486. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116008

Vanegas-Castillo, J. E., & Peña Ramírez, W. A. (2024). Biotechnology and physical performance in sport: "the mutants of the future." Retos, 61, 1458-1467. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.110314

Vitale, JA, Bonato, M., La Torre, A., & Banfi, G. (2019). Heart rate variability in sports performance: Do time of day and chronotype influence it? Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8 (5), 723.https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050723

Descargas

Publicado

27-10-2025

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

Cómo citar

Vanegas-Castillo, J. E., Peña Ramírez, W. A., & Noy Martínez, M. O. (2025). Cronobiología y rendimiento físico en el deporte “el reloj biológico”. Retos, 73, 937-949. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117666