Investigación de la postura adelantada de la cabeza y su influencia en la alineación postural en empleados que trabajan en oficinas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117904Palabras clave:
Empleados de escritorio, ángulo de cabeza hacia adelante, evaluación postural móvil , trastornos musculoesqueléticosResumen
Antecedentes: La postura de cabeza adelantada es un problema musculoesquelético común que se observa cada vez más entre los empleados que trabajan en oficinas, en particular entre quienes permanecen sentados durante períodos prolongados y utilizan dispositivos digitales con frecuencia. Se relaciona con problemas musculoesqueléticos como dolor de cuello, cefaleas y disminución de la calidad de vida. Este estudio examinó la relación entre la postura de cabeza adelantada y diversas desviaciones posturales, como la desviación de la alineación corporal, la inclinación de la cabeza, la desalineación de hombros, la inclinación pélvica, la asimetría de rodillas y la asimetría de pies.
Objetivo: Explorar la conexión entre la postura de cabeza adelantada y las desviaciones posturales en empleados que trabajan en oficinas mediante un estudio transversal.
Métodos: Se evaluó a noventa y ocho empleados que trabajaban en oficinas y que presentaban síntomas de postura de cabeza adelantada mediante dos aplicaciones móviles: la aplicación de evaluación de las condiciones posturales y ergonómicas para trabajadores y la aplicación de postura de cabeza adelantada. Se aplicó un análisis estadístico preliminar a los parámetros de alineación postural recopilados para identificar valores atípicos en los datos. Los datos se analizaron mediante coeficientes de correlación de Pearson, análisis de regresión múltiple y análisis factorial para identificar los factores clave que influyen en la postura de cabeza adelantada. Resultados: El ángulo cefálico anterior (AAE) mostró una alta correlación con la desviación de la alineación corporal (r = 0,931), la inclinación de la cabeza (r = 0,877), la desviación de la alineación de los hombros (r = 0,883) y el uso de ordenadores y dispositivos móviles (r = 0,819). En el análisis factorial, la desviación de la alineación corporal fue el predictor más significativo del AAE.
Conclusión: El AAE está estrechamente vinculado a una mala alineación del tronco superior y al uso prolongado de dispositivos digitales. Las desviaciones de la alineación corporal y otros factores biomecánicos tuvieron un efecto importante en el ángulo cefálico anterior y la postura general, con un modelo de regresión que explicó el 95,8 % de la varianza en el ángulo cefálico anterior.
Referencias
Ahlers, E. (2016). Flexible and remote work in the context of digitization and occupational health. In-ternational Journal of Labour Research, 8(1–2), 85–99. https://www.proquest.com/openview/babaae32310a2ef6f7957105286e129f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=226543#
Alhashim, A. A. (2025). Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Impact on Quality of Life: A Comprehensive Review. Saudi J Med Pharm Sci, 11(5), 360–377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2025.v11i05.002
Alowa, Z., & Elsayed, W. (2021). The impact of forward head posture on the electromyographic activity of the spinal muscles. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 16(2), 224–230. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.021
Alrowili, A. N., Alanazi, K. H. H., Aldowihi, R. J., Alsharari, S. M., Alrajraji, H. S. M., Alkuwaykibi, S. H. G., Alruwily, M. A., Alrowili, D. N., Alrowily, A. K., & Shajiri, M. M. (2024). Physiotherapy for Postur-al Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Treatment Modalities. Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research, 7(S9), 367. DOI:10.63278/jicrcr.vi.343
Arooj, A., Aziz, A., Khalid, F., Iqbal, M. H., & Ashfaq, H. B. (2022). Forward head posture in young adults: a systematic review: forward head posture in young adults. The Therapist (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences), 32–35. Doi: https://doi.org/10.54393/tt.v3i1.38
Caneiro, J. P., Bunzli, S., & O'Sullivan, P. (2021). Beliefs about the body and pain: the critical role in mus-culoskeletal pain management. Brazilian journal of physical therapy, 25(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.06.003
Çankaya, M., & Pouriyamanesh, P. (2024). Examination of Smartphone Applications for Assessment in Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. In F. Nur Takı, S. Koçer & R. Bütüner (Eds.), New Generation Technologies and Sustainability in Health Current Studies (pp. 194-210). ISRES Publishing
Capsulitis, A. (2013). Shoulder Girdle 2–35 Glenohumeral Joint Rotator Cuff Impingment Instabilities. Int J Sports Med, 34(11), 950–955.
Caseley, A. J., & Johnson, M. I. (2015). The spinal region: anatomy, assessment and injuries. In Routledge Handbook of Sports Therapy, Injury Assessment and Rehabilitation (pp. 295–365). Routledge.
Casler, K., Dush, J., Stutzman, Z., & Gawlik, K. S. (2024). Evidence-Based Assessment of the Musculoskel-etal System. Evidence-Based Physical Examination: Best Practices for Health and Well-Being Assessment, 460. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826155320.0018
Choobineh, A., Motamedzade, M., Kazemi, M., Moghimbeigi, A., & Pahlavian, A. H. (2011). The impact of ergonomics intervention on psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal symptoms among office workers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 41(6), 671–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2011.08.007
Chu, E. C. P., Lo, F. S., & Bhaumik, A. (2020). Plausible impact of forward head posture on upper cervical spine stability. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(5), 2517–2520. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_95_20
Cobanoğlu, G., Demirkan, M. Y., Ecemiş, Z. B., & Güzel, N. A. (2024). Forward head posture and its effect on muscle activation. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1376080
Coskun, B. I., Guzel, R., Tatli, U., Salimov, F., & Keceli, O. (2020). The relationship between neck pain and cervical alignment in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Cranio®, 38(3), 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2018.1498181
Czaprowski, D., Stoliński, Ł., Tyrakowski, M., Kozinoga, M., & Kotwicki, T. (2018). Non-structural misa-lignments of body posture in the sagittal plane. Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders, 13(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13013-018-0151-5
Daneshmandi, H., Choobineh, A., Ghaem, H., & Karimi, M. (2017). Adverse effects of prolonged sitting behavior on the general health of office workers. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 7(2), 69. https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2017.7.2.69
del Rocío Corchero-Falcón, M., Gomez-Salgado, J., Garcia-Iglesias, J. J., Camacho-Vega, J. C., Fagundo-Rivera, J., & Carrasco-Gonzalez, A. M. (2023). Risk factors for working pregnant women and po-tential adverse consequences of exposure: a systematic review. International journal of public health, 68, 1605655. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605655
Dowling, G. J., Murley, G. S., Munteanu, S. E., Smith, M. M. F., Neal, B. S., Griffiths, I. B., Barton, C. J., & Col-lins, N. J. (2014). Dynamic foot function as a risk factor for lower limb overuse injury: a sys-tematic review. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 7(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-014-0053-6
Fan, L. J., Liu, S., Jin, T., Gan, J. G., Wang, F. Y., Wang, H. T., & Lin, T. (2022). Ergonomic risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in clinical physiotherapy. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1083609. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1083609
Fortin, C., Ehrmann Feldman, D., Cheriet, F., & Labelle, H. (2011). Clinical methods for quantifying body segment posture: a literature review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33(5), 367–383. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2010.492066
Fraley, R. C., & Vazire, S. (2014). The N-pact factor: Evaluating the quality of empirical journals with respect to sample size and statistical power. PloS One, 9(10), e109019. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109019
Halpin, D. M. G., Criner, G. J., Papi, A., Singh, D., Anzueto, A., Martinez, F. J., Agusti, A. A., & Vogelmeier, C. F. (2021). Global initiative for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstruc-tive lung disease. The 2020 GOLD science committee report on COVID-19 and chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 203(1), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202009-3533so
Hodges, P., & Falla, D. (2015). Interaction between pain and sensorimotor control. Grieve’s Modern Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, 4.
Huang, Y., Benford, S., & Blake, H. (2019). Digital interventions to reduce sedentary behaviors of office workers: scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(2), e11079. https://doi.org/10.2196/11079
Ibrahim, H. M., Raoof, N. A. L. A., Diab, O. A., & Khalil, A. A. (2024). Prevalence of Forward Head Posture among Cleaning Workers and Its Correlation to Physical Workload. Egyptian Journal of Hospi-tal Medicine, 94(1), 1027–1034. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhm.2024.345514
Janagiraman, R., Subramanian, S. S., Srivatsan, M., Vishnuram, S., Alfawaz, S. S., Ramanathan, K., ... & Raj, N. B. (2025). Comparison of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle stretches in the man-agement of symptomatic non specific cervical pain. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación físi-ca, deportey recreación, 68, 1971-1978. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113822
Jun, D., Johnston, V., McPhail, S. M., & O’Leary, S. (2021). A longitudinal evaluation of risk factors and interactions for the development of nonspecific neck pain in office workers in two cultures. Human Factors, 63(4), 663–683. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720820904231
Khamis, S., & Yizhar, Z. (2007). Effect of feet hyperpronation on pelvic alignment in a standing position. Gait & Posture, 25(1), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.02.005
Khanum, F., Khan, A. R., Khan, A., Ahmad, A., & Ahmed, H. (2023). Posture correction interventions to manage neck pain among computer and smartphone users-a narrative review. J Clin Diagn Res. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2023/62748.17846
Khayati, F., Saremi, M., Firoozeh, M., & Kavousi, A. (2025). The Relationship Between Postural Stability and Forward Head Posture. International Journal of Occupational Hygiene, 17(1), 55–60. http://ijoh.tums.ac.ir/4554-1-10-20250303
Kwon, Y., Chilton, L. K., Kim, H., & Franz, J. R. (2023). The effect of prolonged walking on leg muscle activity patterns and vulnerability to perturbations. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiol-ogy, 73, 102836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102836
Lin, G., Zhao, X., Wang, W., & Wilkinson, T. (2022). The relationship between forward head posture, postural control and gait: A systematic review. Gait & Posture, 98, 316–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.10.008
Lindegård, A., Wahlström, J., Hagberg, M., Vilhelmsson, R., Toomingas, A., & Wigaeus Tornqvist, E. (2012). Perceived exertion, comfort and working technique in professional computer users and associations with the incidence of neck and upper extremity symptoms. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-13-38
Maupas, E., Paysant, J., Datie, A. M., Martinet, N., & André, J. M. (2002). Functional asymmetries of the lower limbs. A comparison between clinical assessment of laterality, isokinetic evaluation and electrogoniometric monitoring of knees during walking. Gait & Posture, 16(3), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(02)00020-6
McGregor, A. H., & Hukins, D. W. L. (2009). Lower limb involvement in spinal function and low back pain. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 22(4), 219–222. https://doi.org/10.3233/bmr-2009-0239
Mcloughlin, C. (2013). Helpdesk research report: Women’s economic role in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Governance and Social Development Resource Centre, University of Bir-mingham.
Mehta, P., Rahtore, V., & Meena, R. (2025). Use of Physiotherapy-related Smartphone Applications in Clinical practice among Physiotherapists in India – A Cross Sectional Survey Study. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 36(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1566901
Mingels, S., Dankaerts, W., & Granitzer, M. (2019). Is there support for the paradigm ‘spinal posture as a trigger for episodic headache’? A comprehensive review. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 23(3), 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-019-0756-2
Mishra, S., & Sahi, P. (2025). Prevalence of Postural Deviations among Industry Workers: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Physical Therapy Research Studies, 2(4-October-November-December, 2023). DOI: https://ijptrs.com/public/images/content/685Sanskriti%202.pdf
Moradi-Lakeh, M., Forouzanfar, M. H., Vollset, S. E., El Bcheraoui, C., Daoud, F., Afshin, A., Charara, R., Khalil, I., Higashi, H., & Abd El Razek, M. M. (2017). Burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 76(8), 1365–1373. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1075
Moraru, L., Badau, A., Litoi, F. M., Petrescu, A. M., Manescu, C. O., & Smidu, N. (2025). Identification of Postural Deviations and Trunk Asymmetries in Physical Therapy Students Using an AI-Based Mobile Application. Balneo & PRM Research Journal, 16(2). https://doi.org/ 10.12680/balneo.2025.802
Naroz, H. S. I., Fayaz, N. A. E. A., Abdelmegeed, S. F., & Al Hamaky, D. M. A. (2024). Correlation between the degree of forward head posture and hamstring muscles tightness in non-specific neck pain. Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 94(1), 932–939. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhm.2024.344771
Nejati, P., Lotfian, S., Moezy, A., & Nejati, M. (2015). The study of correlation between forward head posture and neck pain in Iranian office workers. International Journal of Occupational Medi-cine and Environmental Health, 28(2), 295–303. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00352
Neumann, D. A., & Kelly, E. R. (2010). Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: foundations for reha-bilitation.
Nonnekes, J., Goselink, R. J. M., Růžička, E., Fasano, A., Nutt, J. G., & Bloem, B. R. (2018). Neurological disorders of gait, balance and posture: a sign-based approach. Nature Reviews Neurology, 14(3), 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.178
O’Sullivan, P. B., Caneiro, J. P., O’Keeffe, M., Smith, A., Dankaerts, W., Fersum, K., & O’Sullivan, K. (2018). Cognitive functional therapy: an integrated behavioral approach for the targeted management of disabling low back pain. Physical therapy, 98(5), 408-423. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzy022
Quek, J., Pua, Y.-H., Clark, R. A., & Bryant, A. L. (2013). Effects of thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture on cervical range of motion in older adults. Manual Therapy, 18(1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2012.07.005
Ratu, J. M., Nendissa, D. R., Lerik, M. D. C., Sawo, E. B., & Roga, A. U. (2025). Ergonomic interventions based on stretching to relieve low back pain and work fatigue in nurses. Retos: nuevas tenden-cias en educación física, deportey recreación, 69, 1106-1118. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.115188
Rosenbloom, B. N., Khan, S., McCartney, C., & Katz, J. (2013). Systematic review of persistent pain and psychological outcomes following traumatic musculoskeletal injury. Journal of Pain Research, 39–51. https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s38878
Rovai, A. P., Baker, J. D., & Ponton, M. K. (2013). Social science research design and statistics: A practi-tioner’s guide to research methods and IBM SPSS. Watertree Press LLC.
Rybski, M. F., & Juckett, L. (2024). Posture. In Kinesiology for Occupational Therapy (pp. 261–289). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003524724-11
Ryde, G. C., Atkinson, P., Stead, M., Gorely, T., & Evans, J. M. M. (2020). Physical activity in paid work time for desk-based employees: a qualitative study of employers’ and employees’ perspectives. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 460. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08580-1
Saeed, A., Shahed, A., Liaqat, M., Farhat, R., Khursheed, R., Ahmed, S., Rafique, N., & Rafique, A. (2024). Prevalence of Forward Head Posture and Its Association with Smartphone Use among Universi-ty Students: Prevalence of Forward Head Posture and Association with Smartphone Use. Paki-stan BioMedical Journal, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v7i10.1141
Sarfraz, K., Salman, R., Liaqat, A., & Rasool, A. (2025). Prevalence of forward head posture and associat-ed respiratory function changes among computer workers. Insights-Journal of Health and Re-habilitation, 3(2 (Health & Allied)), 232–238. DOI:10.71000/ph995606
Sheikhhoseini, R., Shahrbanian, S., Sayyadi, P., & O’Sullivan, K. (2018). Effectiveness of therapeutic exer-cise on forward head posture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 41(6), 530–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2018.02.002
Singh, P., Hsung, R. T., Ajmera, D. H., Said, N. A., Leung, Y. Y., McGrath, C., & Gu, M. (2024). Smartphone-generated 3D facial images: reliable for routine assessment of the oronasal region of patients with cleft or mere convenience? A validation study. BMC Oral Health, 24(1), 1517. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05280-9
Singla, D., & Veqar, Z. (2017). Association between forward head, rounded shoulders and increased tho-racic kyphosis: a review of the literature. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 16(3), 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2017.03.004
Sriram, S., & Rajini, G. (2024). Work-Life Rhythm–A Psychodynamic Change in Individual Behaviour. Shineeks Publishers. https://doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i4.7205
Straker, L., Burgess-Limerick, R., Pollock, C., Murray, K., Netto, K., Coleman, J., & Skoss, R. (2008). The impact of computer display height and desk design on 3D posture during information technolo-gy work by young adults. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18(2), 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.10.007
Suwaidi, A. S. Al, Moustafa, I. M., Kim, M., Oakley, P. A., & Harrison, D. E. (2023). A comparison of two forward head posture corrective approaches in elderly with chronic non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(2), 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020542
Theorell, T., Hammarström, A., Aronsson, G., Träskman Bendz, L., Grape, T., Hogstedt, C., ... & Hall, C. (2015). A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms. BMC public health, 15(1), 738. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1954-4
Titcomb, D. A., Melton, B. F., Bland, H. W., & Miyashita, T. (2024). Evaluation of the craniovertebral an-gle in standing versus sitting positions in young adults with and without severe forward head posture. International Journal of Exercise Science, 17(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.70252/gdnn4363
Treleaven, J. (2008). Sensorimotor disturbances in neck disorders affecting postural stability, head and eye movement control. Manual Therapy, 13(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2007.06.003
Trovato, B., Roggio, F., Sortino, M., Zanghì, M., Petrigna, L., Giuffrida, R., & Musumeci, G. (2022). Postural evaluation in young healthy adults through a digital and reproducible method. Journal of func-tional morphology and kinesiology, 7(4), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk7040098
van Stuijvenberg, M., Suur, M. H., de Vos, S., Tjiang, G. C. H., Steyerberg, E. W., Derksen-Lubsen, G., & Moll, H. A. (1998). Informed consent, parental awareness and reasons for participating in a random-ised controlled study. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 79(2), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.79.2.120
Verdugo, S. A. A., Cuevas, K. G., Cabezas, G. R., & Silva, S. P. G. (2025). Entrenamiento de fuerza lúdico social y su efecto en las caídas en personas mayores. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación fí-sica, deportey recreación, 71, 451-458. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116403
Vij, N., Tolson, H., Kiernan, H., Agusala, V., Viswanath, O., & Urits, I. (2022). Pathoanatomy, biomechan-ics and treatment of upper cervical ligamentous instability: A literature review. Orthopedic Re-views, 14(3), 37099. https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.37099
Wang, J., Li, Y., Yang, G.-Y., & Jin, K. (2024). Age-related dysfunction in balance: a comprehensive review of causes, consequences and interventions. Aging and Disease, 16(2), 714. https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2024.0124-1
Wang, Y. (2025). Rhythms of Work: Integrating Healthy Break Habits Into the Office Flow [Master’s thesis]. Pratt Institute.
White, M. (2012). Digital workplaces: Vision and reality. Business Information Review, 29(4), 205–214. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266382112470412
WHO. (2022, July 14). Musculoskeletal health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions
Wildenbeest, M. H., Kiers, H., Tuijt, M., & van Dieën, J. H. (2023). Effect of postural threat on motor con-trol in people with and without low back pain. Plos one, 18(3), e0280607. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280607
Yin, Q., Zheng, Y., & Wang, S. (2025). Postural Alignment First, Symptom Tailored. Integrated Pathway as a Multimodal Peripheral Intervention Strategy for Pain and Cervical Disease (Part 1). Transl Perioper Pain Med, 12(1), 716–733. Doi: https://doi.org/10.31480/2330-4871/203
Yudho, F. H. P., Fachrezzy, F., & Dlis, F. (2025). Unravelling the Impact of Physical Activity on Postural Stability: An Experimental Study of University Students. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deportey recreación, (68), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.113330
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Amira Abd ElHay, Mohamed Ali Elsayed, Doaa Tammam, Ahmed Tawfick, Radwa Shalaby, Hadeer Morsi
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
