Analysis of stress and academic-sports commitment through Self-organizing Artificial Neural Networks (Análisis del estrés y el compromiso académico-deportivo mediante Redes Neuronales Artificiales Auto-organizativas)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.86983Keywords:
Sports Psychology, Education, Coping, Resilience, Adolescence., (psicología deportiva, educación, afrontamiento, resiliencia, adolescencia)Abstract
Objective: The objective of this research was to understand the relationships between the variables resilience, coping, commitment and stress in the academic and sports fields, and their differences based on varied personal typologies. Material and Methods: A selective research methodology was used, with a retrospective ex-post-facto design. The sample was made up of 190 men between the ages of 13 and 17, athletes and students of Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO), Baccalaureate and Middle Grade Vocational Training. Results: The artificial intelligence technique SOM, allowed to identify in an autonomous way three clusters of athletes with psychological and sociodemographic characteristics similar to each other and different from those of the rest. Task coping was positively related to resilience and commitment and negatively to stress whereas emotion-oriented coping was positively related to stress. Conclusions: Athlete students tend to use the same coping strategies when facing stressful situations that they use in their sports practice. The levels in the variables analysed depend on the type of student and athlete, which can be used to identify risk groups and carry out interventions for their improvement.
Resumen. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer las relaciones entre las variables resiliencia, afrontamiento, compromiso y estrés en el ámbito académico y deportivo, y sus diferencias en función de diferentes tipologías personales. Material y Métodos: Se empleó una metodología de investigación selectiva, con un diseño ex-post-facto retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo formada por 190 varones de edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 17 años, deportistas y estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), Bachillerato y Formación Profesional de Grado Medio. Resultados: La técnica de inteligencia artificial SOM, permitió identificar de un modo autónomo tres clústeres de deportistas con características psicológicas y sociodemográficas semejantes entre sí y distintas a los del resto. El afrontamiento de tarea se relacionó positivamente con la resiliencia y el compromiso y negativamente con el estrés y el afrontamiento centrado en la emoción se relacionó positivamente con el estrés. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes deportistas tienden a emplear en el entorno académico las mismas estrategias de afrontamiento ante situaciones de estrés que usan en su práctica deportiva. Los niveles en las variables analizadas dependen de la tipología de estudiante y deportista, lo cual puede servir para identificar grupos de riesgo y realizar intervenciones para su mejora.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Helio Carratalá Bellod, Vicente Buendía Ramón, Eduardo Carballeira Fernández, José Francisco Guzmán Luján

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