Effects of a physical exercise program on psychological well-being in university women

Mayra Grava de Moraes; Tatiana de Cássia Ramos Netto; Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi

doi:10.47197/retos.v79.117827

Autores/as

Mayra Grava de Moraes Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4160-2206
Tatiana de Cássia Ramos Netto Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)
Carlos Eduardo Lopes Verardi Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v79.117827

Palabras clave:

Ejercicio físico, Actividad física, Ansiedad, Depresión, Estudiantes universitarias

Resumen

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios enfrentan múltiples factores de estrés a lo largo de su trayectoria académica, lo que los hace particularmente vulnerables a psicopatologías como la ansiedad y la depresión.

Objetivo: Este estudio examinó los efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico supervisado de forma remota durante seis semanas sobre los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés y estado de ánimo en estudiantes universitarias.

Metodología: Treinta y nueve participantes de entre 18 y 27 años fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo experimental (GE; n = 18), que completó el programa de ejercicios, y a un grupo control (GC; n = 19), que no lo realizó. Las evaluaciones incluyeron la Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), los Inventarios de Beck (BDI, BAI) y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS). El entrenamiento estructurado combinó ejercicios aeróbicos, de fuerza y circuitos con peso corporal, diseñados y supervisados por la investigadora para garantizar la seguridad y promover adaptaciones saludables.

Resultados: Una prueba de Wilcoxon para muestras pareadas mostró mejoras significativas en el GE en depresión (p = 0,002), ansiedad (p = 0,032) y estrés (p = 0,037) después de la intervención. Estos beneficios se mantuvieron durante 12 semanas, según el seguimiento. No se observaron cambios significativos en el GC.

Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que el ejercicio estructurado aplicado de forma remota puede reducir eficazmente el malestar psicológico en mujeres universitarias, destacando su potencial como estrategia preventiva y terapéutica en la promoción de la salud mental.

Biografía del autor/a

Mayra Grava de Moraes, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

Professora de Educação Física pela Unesp de Bauru Mestre e Doutoranda em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem pela Unesp de Bauru; Especialista em Fisiologia do Esporte e Treinamento pelo ENAF Graduanda em Psicologia pela Unisagrado

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Efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre el bienestar psicológico en mujeres universitarias

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