El desarrollo de la competencia en rescate acuático a través de un enfoque basado en proyectos enriquecido con elementos de juego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.118714Palabras clave:
Gamification, project-based learning, swimming ability, water rescue competence, water safetyResumen
Introdução: A competência em salvamento aquático é uma componente importante da educação aquática. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (ABP) apoiada por elementos selecionados dos jogos pode aumentar o envolvimento e o desenvolvimento da competência; no entanto, a sua aplicação na educação em salvamento aquático é ainda limitada. Objectivo: Examinar a eficácia de uma abordagem de Aprendizagem Baseada em Projectos (ABP) apoiada por elementos seleccionados de jogos na melhoria da competência em salvamento aquático entre estudantes universitários e analisar o papel moderador do género e da capacidade inicial de natação.
Metodologia: Um estudo quase-experimental com pré-teste e pós-teste, com um grupo de controlo não equivalente, foi conduzido com 120 estudantes universitários, alocados a grupos experimental e de controlo com base na turma em que estavam inscritos. A competência em salvamento aquático foi avaliada nos domínios cognitivo, afetivo e psicomotor, através de um instrumento baseado no desempenho. Os dados foram analisados através de ANOVA de medidas repetidas. Resultados: Foram observadas melhorias significativas na competência em resgate aquático ao longo do tempo, com um efeito significativo do tempo, F(1,112) = 122,02, p < 0,001, η²ₚ = 0,521, e uma interação significativa entre o tempo e o grupo, F(1,112) = 16,12, p < 0,001, η²ₚ = 0,126, indicando maiores ganhos no grupo experimental. Uma interação significativa entre o tempo e a capacidade, F(1,112) = 23,28, p < 0,001, η²ₚ = 0,172, indicou uma maior melhoria relativa entre os participantes com menor capacidade inicial, enquanto o género não moderou significativamente a melhoria da competência.
Discussão: Estes resultados sugerem que a Aprendizagem Baseada em Projectos (ABP) apoiada por elementos seleccionados dos jogos pode facilitar o desenvolvimento de competências na educação aquática.
Conclusões: A ABP apoiada por elementos selecionados de jogos parece eficaz na melhoria da competência em resgate aquático entre estudantes universitários.
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