Efecto del programa de ejercicio aeróbico diseñado sobre la aptitud cardiopulmonar en niños con parálisis cerebral hemiparética. Un ensayo controlado aleatorio

Autores/as

  • Hamada S Ayoub Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatric, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Egypt.
  • Emad M Taha Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt.
  • Rania M Tawfik Department of Physical Therapy for Neurology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University, Egypt.
  • Shereen Mohamed Said Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Sciences and Technology. Egypt.
  • Sara Rabie El-Hadad Department of physical therapy for diseases and surgeries of the Cardio-Respiratory system and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Sciences and Technology. Egypt.
  • Dany Alphonse Anwar Habib Department of Physical Therapy for Neurology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Suez University. Egypt.
  • Doaa A Sanad Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatric, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Egypt.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118796

Palabras clave:

Parálisis cerebral, hemiparesia, ejercicio aeróbico, aptitud cardiopulmonar, VO₂ máx, prueba de caminata de seis minutos

Resumen

Fundamento: Los niños con parálisis cerebral hemiparética (PC) a menudo experimentan una aptitud cardiopulmonar reducida, lo que limita la movilidad funcional y la participación. Se ha demostrado que el ejercicio aeróbico mejora la condición física en la PC pediátrica.

Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico diseñado sobre el gasto energético al caminar, la capacidad aeróbica y la resistencia funcional al caminar en niños con parálisis cerebral hemiparética.

Métodos: En este estudio controlado aleatorizado participaron cuarenta niños con PC hemiparética, de 7 a 12 años de edad y GMFC I–II, asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de estudio (n = 20) y a un grupo de control (n = 20). El grupo de control recibió el programa de fisioterapia convencional basado en la técnica de neurodesarrollo de 45 minutos (3 sesiones / semana), mientras que el grupo de estudio recibió el mismo programa de fisioterapia convencional proporcionado al grupo de control además de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico supervisado diseñado de 12 semanas durante 45 minutos (3 sesiones / semana). Las medidas de resultado incluyeron el Índice de Gasto Energético(IEE), el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO₂ máx.) y la Prueba de Caminata de Seis Minutos (6 MWT), evaluada antes y después de la intervención. Los datos se analizaron mediante MANOVA de diseño mixto.

Resultados: Hubo una reducción significativa en la IEE (p < 0,001), un aumento significativo en el VO₂ máx (p < 0,001) y una mejora significativa en la distancia 6MWT (p < 0,001) en el grupo de estudio, mientras que los cambios en el grupo de control no fueron significativos.

Conclusión: Los hallazgos del estudio respaldan la integración del entrenamiento con ejercicios aeróbicos diseñados en los programas de rehabilitación pediátrica para mejorar la aptitud cardiopulmonar y los resultados funcionales en niños con parálisis cerebral hemiparética.

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Publicado

01-05-2026

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Ayoub, H. S., Taha, E. M., Tawfik, R. M., Said, S. M., El-Hadad, S. R., Anwar Habib, D. A., & Sanad, D. A. (2026). Efecto del programa de ejercicio aeróbico diseñado sobre la aptitud cardiopulmonar en niños con parálisis cerebral hemiparética. Un ensayo controlado aleatorio. Retos, 78, 843-853. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v78.118796