Teoría de la Socialización Ocupacional en Educación Física: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v86.120066Palabras clave:
Aculturación, formación inicial docente, prácticas pedagógicas, revisión de alcance, socialización ocupacionalResumen
Introducción: Durante más de cuatro décadas, la Teoría de la Socialización Ocupacional (TSO) ha sido el principal marco para comprender cómo se recluta, forma y sostiene al profesorado de educación física; no existe una síntesis integradora posterior a la revisión de 2019.
Objetivo: Esta revisión de alcance, según el marco de Arksey y O’Malley, cartografió la investigación sobre la TSO en educación física entre 2019 y junio de 2026 y examinó sus implicaciones para la teoría.
Metodología: Búsquedas sistemáticas en Web of Science, Scopus y EBSCO, más búsquedas manuales en revistas especializadas, identificaron sesenta y tres estudios empíricos.
Resultados: Predominaron los diseños cualitativos (79,4%) y los sistemas anglófonos (61,9%). La socialización profesional fue la fase más estudiada (42,9%), seguida de la organizacional (34,9%), la aculturación (11,1%), las fases combinadas (9,5%) y un diseño multifásico (1,6%). La evidencia sobre socialización organizacional, incluida la de formadores, se apoya sobre todo en contextos anglófonos; la no anglófona se concentra en la socialización profesional.
Discusión: Los estudios recientes se asocian con tres movimientos: extensión a formadores de docentes, lectura más condicional del wash-out y el wash-in, y fases superpuestas y no secuenciales. Los patrones son compatibles con explicaciones basadas en el habitus; la revisión no demuestra que la TSO explique más, pero identifica dónde su estructura por fases aporta valor analítico y dónde alcanza sus límites.
Conclusiones: Futuras investigaciones deberían comparar la TSO con marcos alternativos, emplear diseños capaces de estimar efectos y probar la teoría en sistemas subrepresentados.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Mauricio Axel Meneses Villalobos, Rodrigo Nanjarí-Miranda

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- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess