Ecuación para el control de la carga de entrenamiento con datos de GPS en fútbol de alto rendimiento (Equation for player load control of training with GPS in a high-performance soccer)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106632

Palabras clave:

GPS, esprint, carga externa, control de carga, rendimiento, monitorización de la carga

Resumen

Introducción: el control de la carga durante la competición y el entrenamiento se hace imprescindible para alcanzar el máximo rendimiento en futbolistas, ayudando a disminuir el riesgo de lesión. La carga externa está determinada por la relación entre volumen e intensidad. El volumen es el total de esfuerzos realizados en una actividad y la intensidad es el nivel de esfuerzos por unidad de tiempo. Objetivo: analizar las variables propuestas en una ecuación para el control de la carga externa y las variaciones que se producen en función de la selección de sus valores de referencia. Sujetos: diecinueve jugadores sub23 de alto nivel (22,5 ± 1,8 años). Método: Se analizaron un total 77 registros de 11 partidos oficiales del circuito olímpico. La carga externa fue calculada con valores de volumen e intensidad en base a los parámetros distancia total (TD), distancia a altas intensidades (HID), número de aceleraciones y deceleraciones (AcDc) y número de esprints (Nsp). Los factores de la ecuación con referencias generales e individuales fueron comparados. Resultados: El cálculo de la carga externa total a partir de valores generales fue significativamente menor que con valores individuales (73,7±16,5 vs. 82,4±13,5), al igual que el volumen (71,5±15,6 vs. 81,6±13,4) y la intensidad (74,8±17,2 vs. 81,8±13,5). Conclusiones: se observaron importantes diferencias en función de los valores de referencia considerados. Los valores generales pueden ser óptimos a la hora de querer subir el nivel grupal y comparar jugadores, pero la individualización es imprescindible para el correcto control y ajuste de las cargas.

 Palabras claves: Entrenamiento de fútbol, sprint, carga externa, monitorización de la carga.

Abstract. Background: load management during competition and training is essential to achieve maximum performance in soccer players while also helping to reduce the risk of injury. External load is determined by the relationship between volume and intensity. Volume is the overall amount of effort exerted in an activity, whereas intensity describes the level of effort per unit of action or time. Objective: to analyse the variables proposed in an equation for controlling the external load and the variations that occur depending on the selection of their reference values. Subjects: nineteen high-level U23 soccer players (22.5 ± 1.8 years). Method: A total of 77 records from 11 official matches on the Olympic circuit were analysed. The external load was calculated from volume and intensity values ​​based on the parameters total distance (TD), distance at high intensities (HID), number of accelerations and decelerations (AcDc) and number of sprints (Nsp). Factors of equation estimated from general and individual references were compared. Results: The calculation of the total external load using general values ​​was significantly lower than with individual values ​​(73.7±16.5 vs. 82.4±13.5), as was the volume (71.5±15 .6 vs. 81.6±13.4) and intensity (74.8±17.2 vs. 81.8±13.5). Conclusions: important differences were observed depending on the reference values ​​considered. General values ​​may be optimal when aiming to raise the group level and compare players, but individualization of the reference values ​​is essential for the correct control and adjustment of the training load.

Key words: soccer training, sprint, external load, load monitoring.

Citas

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Publicado

2024-09-01

Cómo citar

Urrutia, S., Cappuccio, Álvaro, & González-Ramírez, A. (2024). Ecuación para el control de la carga de entrenamiento con datos de GPS en fútbol de alto rendimiento (Equation for player load control of training with GPS in a high-performance soccer). Retos, 58, 913–918. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106632

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas