Efectos de un programa de mindfulness para el dolor crónico en Para atletas con discapacidad física: un estudio cuasiexperimental

Autores/as

  • Sandra Constantino Murillo Doctorando https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-8569
  • María Isabel Barriopedro Moro Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Aplicadas al Deporte, la Actividad Física y el Ocio, de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-5843

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.111464

Palabras clave:

Discapacidad física, Dolor crónico, Estrategias de afrontamiento, Mindfulness, Para atletas, Trastornos emocionales

Resumen

Introducción: el programa Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) ha evidenciado cambios positivos en aspectos clave que contribuyen al rendimiento deportivo, pero hasta ahora no se ha realizado ningún estudio en Para atletas con discapacidad física que utilicen programas basados en mindfulness como estrategia para el manejo del dolor crónico.

Objetivo: determinar la utilidad del programa MSPE adaptado (combinación de MSPE y de Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction [MBSR]) comparado con entrenamiento en relajación como estrategia para manejar el dolor crónico.

Metodología: participaron 36 Para atletas con dolor crónico en un diseño cuasiexperimental de dos grupos pre-post intervención. Se evaluó: 1) la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor con una escala tipo Likert, 2) los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales [DASS-21]), 3) la catastrofización (Coping Strategies Questionnaire [CSQ]), 4) la aceptación del dolor (Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire [CPAQ-R]), y 5) la satisfacción con la vida (Satisfaction with Life Scale [SWLS]).

Resultados: el grupo que recibió el programa MSPE adaptado mostró una reducción significativa de la intensidad y frecuencia del dolor y de los niveles de depresión y estrés. Además, se produjo un incremento de la aceptación del dolor y de la satisfacción con la vida. Tanto en el grupo sometido al MSPE adaptado como en el grupo de relajación se observó una reducción de los niveles de ansiedad y de catastrofización ante el dolor.

Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar que el programa MSPE adaptado puede considerarse como una alternativa no farmacológica para el manejo del dolor crónico, mejorando la atención y el apoyo a los Para atletas de competición con discapacidad física.

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2025-02-24

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Constantino Murillo, S., & Barriopedro Moro, M. I. (2025). Efectos de un programa de mindfulness para el dolor crónico en Para atletas con discapacidad física: un estudio cuasiexperimental. Retos, 65, 1120–1137. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v65.111464

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