Asimetrías de rendimiento en miembros inferiores, su influencia en desempeño de sprint lineal, potencia muscular, fuerza reactiva en basquetbolistas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.111942Palabras clave:
metodología observacional, observador, tiempo, Observational methodology, observer, timeResumen
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las asimetrías de miembros inferiores y su relación con el rendimiento de sprint lineal, potencia muscular y fuerza reactiva en basquetbolistas universitarios. Participaron 13 basquetbolistas universitarios (edad: 19.6 ± 1.7), se efectuaron evaluaciones de salto con caída (SC) desde un banco de 30cm, salto contramovimiento (CMJ) unilateral y sprint de 10 metros. Se midieron las variables de potencia relativa, índice de fuerza reactiva (IFR), altura del salto a una pierna y velocidad del sprint, se realizó una prueba t-test de muestras relacionadas para conocer las asimetrías del tren inferior, la r de Pearson para determinar la relación entre las asimetrías y el rendimiento en sprint y potencia e IFR, se determinó el puntaje Z para el análisis individual del comportamiento de las asimetrías y los distintos tópicos de rendimiento. Los resultados muestran la existencia de asimetrías en el tren inferior y una correlación entre estas y el sprint lineal, potencia muscular y fuerza reactiva.
En conclusión, la existencia de asimetrías en los basquetbolistas universitarios impacta negativamente en el rendimiento del sprint lineal, generación de potencia y fuerza reactiva.
Citas
Alemdaroğlu, U. (2012). The relationship between muscle strength, anaerobic performance, agility, sprint ability and vertica l jump performance in professional basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31, 149–158. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078- 012-0016-6
Benjanuvatra, N., Lay, B. S., Alderson, J. A., & Blanksby, B. A. (2013). Comparison of ground reaction force asymmetry in one- and two-legged countermovement jumps. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(10), 2700 –2707. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318280d28e
Bishop, C., Brashill, C., Abbott, W., Read, P., Lake, J., & Turner, A. (2021). Jumping asymmetries are asso-ciated with speed, change of direction speed, and jump performance in elite academy soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(7), 1841–1847. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003058
Bishop, C., Read, P., Lake, J., Chavda, S., & Turner, A. (2018). Interlimb asymmetries: Understanding how to calculate differences from bilateral and unilateral tests. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 40(4), 1 –6. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000371
Bishop, C., Read, P., McCubbine, J., & Turner, A. (2021). Vertical and Horizontal Asymmetries Are Relat-ed to Slower Sprinting and Jump Performance in Elite Youth Female Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(1), 56 –63. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002544
Bishop, C., Turner, A., Jarvis, P., Chavda, S., & Read, P. (2017). Considerations for Selecting Field-Based Strength and Power Fitness Tests to Measure Asymmetries. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2635 –2644. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002023
Bishop, C., Turner, A., Maloney, S., Lake, J., Loturco, I., Bromley, T., & Read, P. (2019). Drop jump asym-metry is associated with reduced sprint and change-of-direction speed performance in adult female soccer players. Sports, 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7010029
Bishop, C., Turner, A., & Read, P. (2018). Effects of inter-limb asymmetries on physical and sports per-formance: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(10), 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1361894
Bobbert, M. F. (1990). Drop jumping as a training method for jumping ability. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 9(1), 7 –22. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199009010-00002
Bordón, J. C. P., Bravo, I. R., Gajardo, M. Á. L., & García, J. D. (2021). Monitorización de la carga de entre-namiento por posición y tareas en baloncesto profesional masculino. E-Balonmano.com: Revis-ta de Ciencias del Deporte - Journal of Sport Science, 17(2).
Brughelli, M., Cronin, J., Levin, G., & Chaouachi, A. (2008). Understanding change of direction ability in sport: A review of resistance training studies. Sports Medicine, 38(12), 1045–1063. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838120-00007
Fandos Soñén, D., Falcón Miguel, D., Moreno Azze, A., & Pradas de La Fuente, F. (2021). Influencia de un entrenamiento pliométrico monopodal y bipodal sobre la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior y la corrección de asimetrías en karatekas (Unilateral and bilateral Influence of pliometric training in lower limb power and asymmetry in karatek). Retos, 39, 367–371. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78818
Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Bishop, C., Busca, B., Aguilera-Castells, J., Vicens-Bordas, J., & Gonzalo-Skok, O. (2020). Inter-limb asymmetries are associated with decrements in physical performance in youth elite team sports athletes. PLoS ONE, 15(3), 1 –14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229440
Guilloux, J.-P., Seney, M., Edgar, N., & Sibille, E. (2011). Integrated behavioral z-scoring increases the sensitivity and reliability of behavioral phenotyping in mice: Relevance to emotionality and sex. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 197(1), 21 –31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.01.019
Hart, J. M., Garrison, J. C., Kerrigan, D. C., Palmieri-Smith, R., & Ingersoll, C. D. (2007). Gender differences in gluteus medius muscle activity exist in soccer players performing a forward jump. Research in Sports Medicine (Print), 15(2), 147 –155. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620701405289
Hopkins, W. G. (2004). How to interpret changes in an athletic performance test. Sportscience, 8, 1.7.
Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(1), 3 –13. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278 Hoyos-Flores, J. R., Rangel-Colmenero, B. R., Alonso-Ramos, Z. N., García-Dávila, M. Z., Cruz-Castruita, R. M., Naranjo- Orellana, J., & Hernán-dez-Cruz, G. (2021). The role of cholinesterases in post-exercise HRV recovery in university vol-leyball players. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094188
Kozinc, Ž., Marković, G., Hadžić, V., & Šarabon, N. (2021). Relationship between force-velocity-power profiles and inter-limb asymmetries obtained during unilateral vertical jumping and singe-joint isokinetic tasks. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(3), 248– 258. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1816271
Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Hughes, M. G., & Williams, C. A. (2009). Reliability and validity of field-based measures of leg stiffness and reactive strength index in youths. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(14), 1565 –1573.
Lockie, R. G., Callaghan, S. J., Berry, S. P., Cooke, E. R. A., Jordan, C. A., Luczo, T. M., & Jeffriess, M. D. (2014). Relationship between unilateral jumping ability and asymmetry on multidirectional speed in team-sport athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(12), 3557–3566. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000588
Lockie, R. G., Schultz, A. B., Callaghan, S. J., & Jeffriess, M. D. (2013). The effects of isokinetic knee extensor and flexo r strength on dynamic stability as measured by functional reaching. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 21(4), 301 –309. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-130501
Loturco, I., Pereira, L. A., Kobal, R., Abad, C. C. C., Rosseti, M., Carpes, F. P., & Bishop, C. (2019). Do asym-metry scores influence speed and power performance in elite female soccer players? Biology of Sport, 36(3), 209 –216. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2019.85454
Malfait, B., Sankey, S., Firhad Raja Azidin, R. M., Deschamps, K., Vanrenterghem, J., Robinson, M. A., Staes, F., & Verschueren, S. (2014). How reliable are lower-limb kinematics and kinetics during a drop vertical jump? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(4), 678–685. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000170
Markwick, W. J., Bird, S. P., Tufano, J. J., Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2015). The intraday reliability of the reactive strength index calculated from a drop jump in professional men’s basketball. Interna-tional Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(4), 482–488. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0265
Matic, M. S., Pazin, N. R., Mrdakovic, V. D., Jankovic, N. N., Ilic, D. B., & Stefanovic, D. L. J. (2015). Optimum Drop Heigh t for Maximizing Power Output in Drop Jump: The Effect of Maximal Muscle Strength. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(12). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001018
Mauricio, C. A. O., Negrete, M. J. S., & Araya, M. J. N. (2017). Correlación del Single Hop Test con la prueba de Velocidad en treinta metros en infantes entre diez y doce años de un colegio privado de San-tiago de Chile. RETOS. Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 32, 101-105. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i32.49901
Nimphius, S., Callaghan, S. J., Spiteri, T., & Lockie, R. G. (2016). Change of Direction Deficit: A More Iso-lated Measure of Change of Direction Performance Than Total 505 Time. Journal of Strength and Con-ditioning Research, 30(11), 3024 –3032. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001421
Nunn, K. D., & Mayhew, J. L. (1988). Comparison of three methods of assessing strength imbalances at the knee. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 10(4), 134–137. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1988.10.4.134
Pamuk, Ö., Makaracı, Y., Ceylan, L., Küçük, H., Kızılet, T., Ceylan, T., & Kaya, E. (2023). Associations be-tween Force-Time Related Single-Leg Counter Movement Jump Variables, Agility, and Linear Sprint in Competitive Youth Male Basketball Players. Children, 10(3), 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030427
Pavana, H., & Prajapati, R. (2020). Effectiveness of Countermovement Jump and Drop Jump on Leg Muscle Power in Young College Athletes: A Comparative Study. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal, 14(2), 126–130. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijpot.v14i2.2629
Petway, A. J., Freitas, T. T., Calleja-González, J., & Alcaraz, P. E. (2021). Match Day-1 Reactive Strength Index and In-Game Peak Speed in Collegiate Division I Basketball. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3259. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063259
Pietraszewsk, B., & Rutkowska-Kucharska, A. (2011). Relative power of the lower limbs in drop jump. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 13(1), 13–18.
Raya-González, J., Bishop, C., Gómez-Piqueras, P., Veiga, S., Viejo-Romero, D., & Navandar, A. (2020). Strength, Jumping, and Change of Direction Speed Asymmetries Are Not Associated With Athlet-ic Performance in Elite Academy Soccer Players. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00175
Šarabon, N., Smajla, D., Maffiuletti, N. A., & Bishop, C. (2020). Strength, jumping and change of direction speed asymmetries in soccer, basketball and tennis players. Symmetry, 12(10), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101664
Seitz, L. B., & Haff, G. G. (2016). Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation of Jump, Sprint, Throw, and Upper-Body Ballistic Performances: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 46(2), 231–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0415-7
Sheppard, J. M., & Doyle, T. L. A. (2008). Increasing compliance to instructions in the squat jump. Jour-nal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(2), 648–651. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816602d4
Stern, D., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Loturco, I., Turner, A., & Bishop, C. (2020). A Comparison of Bilateral vs. Unilateral-Biased Strength and Power Training Interventions on Measures of Physical Perfor-mance in Elite Youth Soccer Players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(8). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003659
Stojanovic, M. D., Ostojic, S. M., Calleja-González, J., Milosevic, Z., & Mikic, M. (2012). Correlation be-tween explosive strength, aerobic power and repeated sprint ability in elite basketball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 52(4), 375–381.
Viitasalo, J. T., Salo, A., & Lahtinen, J. (1998). Neuromuscular functioning of athletes and non-athletes in the drop jump. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 78(5), 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210050442 Wen, N., Dalvo, V., Burgos, B., Pyne, D., & Scalan, A. (2018). Power testing in basketball: Current practice and future recommendations. 32(9), 2677–2691. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002459
Zagatto, A. M., Dutra, Y. M., Claus, G., Malta, E. de S., de Poli, R. A. B., Brisola, G. M. P., & Boullosa, D. (2022). Drop jumps improve repeated sprint ability performance in professional basketball players. Biology of Sport, 39(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.5114/BIOLSPORT.2021.101128
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Alonso Ramos Zeltzin Nereyda
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
