Dinámica cardiovagal en una sesión de entrenamiento en bloque comparada con un entrenamiento en circuito: ensayo controlado aleatorizado

Autores/as

  • Héctor Fuentes-Barría Universidad Arturo Prat. Iquique, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-0848
  • Miguel Alarcón-Rivera Universidad Santo Tomás (Chile)
  • Raúl Aguilera-Eguía Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (Chile).

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116904

Palabras clave:

Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad, Sistema Nervioso Autónomo, Entrenamiento de Fuerza, Ejercicio Basado en Circuitos, Adulto

Resumen

Introducción: La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca es clave para el ajuste de cargas en programas de entrenamiento cardiovagal.

Objetivo: Evaluar la dinámica del valor cuadrático medio de las diferencias sucesivas (RMSSD) y de los intervalos RR durante una sesión de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, comparando dos modalidades: entrenamiento en bloque y entrenamiento en circuito.

Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño controlado, aleatorizado y doble ciego, en el que participaron 32 estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos, divididos en grupos control y experimental. El grupo experimental realizó los ejercicios en formato de bloque, mientras que el grupo control los ejecutó en formato de circuito. La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca se midió durante los periodos de ejercicio y recuperación, analizando la frecuencia cardíaca, los intervalos RR, el RMSSD y la razón RR. Se realizaron análisis inferenciales mediante la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes, evaluando la homogeneidad de las varianzas con la prueba de Levene. El tamaño del efecto se calculó mediante la d de Cohen.

Resultados: Ambos grupos mostraron una disminución en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca; sin embargo, el grupo experimental presentó un aumento significativo en la frecuencia cardíaca y una mayor disminución en los intervalos RR durante la cuarta serie (p < 0,001; d = 1,71). El RMSSD y su relación con los intervalos RR se mantuvieron estables, sin diferencias significativas.

Conclusión: El entrenamiento en bloque genera una mayor demanda cardiovascular y una mayor reducción de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en comparación con el formato en circuito.

Citas

Baik, S. H., Fox, R. S., Mills, S. D., Roesch, S. C., Sadler, G. R., Klonoff, E. A., & Malcarne, V. L. (2019). Relia-bility and validity of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 in Hispanic Americans with English or Span-ish language preference. Journal of health psychology, 24(5), 628–639. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316684938

Balboa-Castillo, T., Muñoz, S., Seron, P., Andrade-Mayorga, O., Lavados-Romo, P., Aguilar-Farias, N .(2023) Validity and reliability of the international physical activity question-naire short form in Chilean adults. PLoS ONE, 18(10):e0291604. https://doi.org/10.1371/jour-nal.pone.0291604

Berry, NT., Bechke, E., Shriver, L. H., Calkins, S. D., Keane, S. P., Shanahan, L., & Wideman, L. (2021) Heart Rate Dynamics During Acute Recovery From Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Young Adults. Fron-tiers in Physioogy. 12:627320. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.627320

Billman, G. E., Huikuri, H. V., Sacha, J., & Trimmel, K. (2015). An introduction to heart rate variability: methodological considerations and clinical applications. Frontiers in physiology, 6, 55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00055

Bocalini, D. S., Bergamin, M., Evangelista, A. L., Rica, R. L., Pontes, F. L., Junior, Figueira, A., Junior, Serra, A. J., Rossi, E. M., Tucci, P. J. F., & Dos Santos, L. (2017). Post-exercise hypotension and heart rate variability response after water- and land-ergometry exercise in hypertensive patients. PLoS ONE, 12(6), e0180216. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180216

Boullosa, D., Medeiros, AR., Flatt, AA., Esco, MR., Naka-mura, FY., Foster, C. (2021). Relationships be-tween Workload, Heart Rate Variability, and Performance in a Recreational Endurance Runner. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(1):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6010030

D'Angelo, J., Ritchie, S. D., Oddson, B., Gagnon, D. D., Mrozewski, T., Little, J., & Nault, S. (2023). Using Heart Rate Variability Methods for Health-Related Outcomes in Outdoor Contexts: A Scoping Review of Empirical Studies. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(2), 1330. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021330

Dolan, C., Quiles, J. M., Goldsmith, J. A., Mendez, K. M., Klemp, A., Robinson, Z. P., Pelland, J. C., Coccia, C., & Zourdos, M. C. (2024). The Effect of Time-Equated Concurrent Training Programs in Re-sistance-Trained Men. Journal of human kinetics, 91(Spec Issue), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/185637

Dupuy, A., Birat, A., Maurelli, O., Garnier, Y. M., Blazevich, A. J., Rance, M., & Ratel, S. (2022). Post-exercise heart rate recovery and parasympathetic reactivation are comparable between prepu-bertal boys and well-trained adult male endurance athletes. European journal of applied physi-ology, 122(2), 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04823-0

El-Malahi, O., Mohajeri, D., Mincu, R., Bäuerle, A., Rothenaicher, K., Knuschke, R., Rammos, C., Rassaf, T., & Lortz, J. (2024). Beneficial impacts of physical activity on heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 19(4), e0299793. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299793

Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera Eguia, R., & Polevoy, G. (2024a). Entrenamiento interválico de alta intensi-dad basado en la actividad parasimpática y su impacto sobre la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de estudiantes universitarios. Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado. Retos, 55, 513–519. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105419

Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera-Eguía, R., Polevoy, G.G., Maureira-Sánchez, J., Angarita-Dávila, L (2024b). Efectos del entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad sobre la capacidad aeróbica y variabi-lidad cardíaca en estudiantes universitarios. Estudio cuasiexperimental. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 16(2):58-66. https://doi.org/10.58727/jshr.102273

Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera-Eguía, R., Maureira-Sánchez, J., Alarcón-Rivera, M., Garrido-Osorio, V., Ló-pez-Soto, O. P., Aristizábal-Hoyos, J. A., Angarita-Davila, L., Rojas-Gómez, D., Bermudez, V., Flo-res-Fernández, C., Roco-Videla, Á., González-Casanova, J. E., Urbano-Cerda, S., & Iulian Alexe, D. (2025). Effects of 12 Weeks of Interval Block Resistance Training Versus Circuit Resistance Training on Body Composition, Performance, and Autonomic Recovery in Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 10(2), 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk10020195

Grässler, B., Thielmann, B., Böckelmann, I., & Hökelmann, A. (2021). Effects of different exercise inter-ventions on heart rate variability and cardiovascular health factors in older adults: a systematic review. European review of aging and physical activity: official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity, 18(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-021-00278-6

Gronwald, T., Rogers, B., Hoos, O. (2020). Fractal Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability: A New Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise and Training Prescription?. Frontiers in Physiology, 11:550572. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.550572

Ho, S. S., Dhaliwal, S. S., Hills, A. P., & Pal, S. (2012). The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic, resistance or combination exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in the overweight and obese in a randomized trial. BMC public health, 12, 704. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-704

Ho, S.Y., Chung, Y.C., Wu, H.J., Ho, C.C., Chen, H.T. (2024). Effect of high intensity circuit training on mus-cle mass, muscular strength, and blood parameters in sedentary workers. PeerJ, 12:e17140. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17140

Hu, C., Xia, Y., Zeng, D., Ye, M., Mei, T. (2024). Effect of resistance circuit training on comprehensive health indicators in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 14(1):8823. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59386-9

Issurin, V. (2008). Block periodization versus traditional training theory: a review. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 48(1):65-75.

Issurin, V.B. (2019). Biological Background of Block Periodized Endurance Training: A Review. Sports Medicine, 49(1):31-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1019-9

Javaloyes, A., Sarabia, J. M., Lamberts, R. P., & Moya-Ramon, M. (2019). Training Prescription Guided by Heart-Rate Variability in Cycling. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 14(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0122

Junqueira, D. R., Zorzela, L., Golder, S., Loke, Y., Gagnier, J. J., Julious, S. A., Li, T., Mayo-Wilson, E., Pham, B., Phillips, R., Santaguida, P., Scherer, R. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., Moher, D., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Vohra, S., & CONSORT Harms Group (2023). CONSORT Harms 2022 statement, explanation, and elabo-ration: updated guideline for the reporting of harms in randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 381, e073725. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-073725

Labraña, A. M., Durán, E., Martínez, M. A., Leiva, A. M., Garrido-Méndez, A., Díaz, X., Salas, C., & Celis-Morales, C. (2017). Menor peso corporal, de índice de masa corporal y de perímetro de cintura se asocian a una disminución en factores de riesgo cardiovascular en población chilena. Revista médica de Chile, 145(5), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872017000500005

Medina Corrales, M., Garrido Esquivel, A., Flores Cruz, M., Miranda Mendoza, F J., García Dávila, MZ., Hernández Cruz, G., Naranjo Orellana, J (2021). Utilidad de la RMSSD-Slope para cuantificación de carga interna de entrenamiento en jugadores élite de bádminton. Estudio de caso. Retos, 40, 60-66. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.78348

Merellano-Navarro E, Bustamante-Ara N, Russell-Guzmán J, Lagos-Hernández R, Uribe N, Godoy-Cumillaf A. Association between Sleep Quality and Physical Activity in Physical Education Stu-dents in Chile in the Pandemic Context: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 1;10(10):1930. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101930

Michael, S., Graham, K. S., & Davis, G. M., Oam (2017). Cardiac Autonomic Responses during Exercise and Post-exercise Recovery Using Heart Rate Variability and Systolic Time Intervals-A Review. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 301. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00301

Nevels, T. L., Wirth, M. D., Ginsberg, J. P., McLain, A. C., & Burch, J. B. (2023). The role of sleep and heart rate variability in metabolic syndrome: evidence from the Midlife in the United States study. Sleep, 46(5), zsad013. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad013

Nieto-Jiménez, C., Bertoglia-Ghiglino, C., Soto-Voisier, E., Morales-Rodríguez, I., Sepúlveda-Catalán, F., Quintiliano-Scarpell, D., Ruso-Álvarez, JF. (2020). Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca como indicador de carga interna en mujeres no deportistas: estudio piloto. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 37(4):234-238

Nuuttila, O. P., Korhonen, E., Laukkanen, J., & Kyröläinen, H. (2021). Validity of the Wrist-Worn Po-lar Vantage V2 to Measure Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability at Rest. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010137

Park, W., Jung, W. S., Hong, K., Kim, Y. Y., Kim, S. W., & Park, H. Y. (2020). Effects of Moderate Combined Resistance- and Aerobic-Exercise for 12 Weeks on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Physical Functions, among Obese Older Men: A Pilot Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(19), 7233. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197233

Peric, R., Nikolovski, Z., Meucci, M., Tadger, P., Ferri Marini, C., & Amaro-Gahete, F. J. (2022). A System-atic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Association and Differences between Aerobic Threshold and Point of Optimal Fat Oxidation. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(11), 6479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116479

Picard, M., Tauveron, I., Magdasy, S., Benichou, T., Bagheri, R., Ugbolue, U. C., Navel, V., & Dutheil, F. (2021). Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 16(5), e0251863. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251863

Porras-Álvarez, J., & Bernal-Calderón, MO. (2019). Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca: evaluación del entrenamiento deportivo. Revisión de tema. Duazary, 16(2), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.21676/2389783X.2750

Ravé, G., Zouhal, H., Boullosa, D., Doyle-Baker, P. K., Saeidi, A., Abderrahman, A. B., & Fortrat, J. O. (2020). Heart Rate Variability is Correlated with Perceived Physical Fitness in Elite Soccer Players. Journal of human kinetics, 72, 141–150. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0103

Rendón-Macías, M. E., Zarco-Villavicencio, I. S., & Villasís-Keever, M. Á. (2021). Métodos estadísticos para el análisis del tamaño del efecto. Revista alergia México, 68(2), 128-136. https://doi.org/10.29262/ram.v658i2.949

Rogers, B., Schaffarczyk, M., & Gronwald, T. (2022). Estimation of Respiratory Frequency in Women and Men by Kubios HRV Software Using the Polar H10 or Movesense Medical ECG Sensor during an Exercise Ramp. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(19), 7156. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197156

Schaffarczyk, M., Rogers, B., Reer, R., & Gronwald, T. (2022). Validity of the Polar H10 Sensor for Heart Rate Variability Analysis during Resting State and Incremen-tal Exercise in Recreational Men and Women. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 22(17), 6536 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176536

Schaffarczyk, M., Rogers, B., Reer, R., & Gronwald, T. (2023). Validation of a non-linear index of heart rate variability to determine aerobic and anaerobic thresholds during incremental cycling exer-cise in women. European journal of applied physiology, 123(2), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-022-05050-x

Schmidt, D., Anderson, K., Graff, M., Strutz, V. (2016). The effect of high-intensity circuit training on physical fitness. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 56(5):534-40.

Sempere-Ruiz, N., Sarabia, JM., Baladzhaeva, S., Moya-Ramón, M. (2024). Reliability and validity of a non-linear index of heart rate variability to determine intensity thresholds. Frontiers, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1329360

Serón, P., Muñoz, S., & Lanas, F. (2010). Nivel de actividad física medida a través del cuestionario inter-nacional de actividad física en población Chilena. Revista médica de Chile, 138(10), 1232-1239. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872010001100004

Shaffer, F., & Ginsberg, J. P. (2017). An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms. Frontiers in public health, 5, 258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00258

Silva, V. S. da, & Vieira, M. F. S. (2020). International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) Global: international accreditation scheme of the competent anthropometrist. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 22, e70517. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e70517

Stone, M. H., Hornsby, W. G., Haff, G. G., Fry, A. C., Suarez, D. G., Liu, J., Gonzalez-Rave, J. M., & Pierce, K. C. (2021). Periodization and Block Periodization in Sports: Emphasis on Strength-Power Train-ing-A Provocative and Challenging Narrative. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 35(8), 2351–2371. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004050

Tonon, B. A., Gouthon, P. N., Nigan, I. B., Akpatchi, R. V., & Nouatin, B. K. (2020). Changes in Selected Physiological Parameters Following a Training Block of Specific Circuit Training Among Na-tional Top-level Basketball Players. International journal of exercise science, 13(6), 1156–1166.

Turri-Silva, N., Vale-Lira, A., Verboven, K., Quaglioti Durigan, J. L., Hansen, D., & Cipriano, G., Jr (2021). High-intensity interval training versus progressive high-intensity circuit resistance training on endothelial function and cardiorespiratory fitness in heart failure: A preliminary randomized controlled trial. PloS one, 16(10), e0257607. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257607

Vondrasek, J. D., Riemann, B. L., Grosicki, G. J., & Flatt, A. A. (2023). Validity and Efficacy of the Elite HRV Smartphone Application during Slow-Paced Breathing. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 23(23), 9496. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239496

Weir, C. B., & Jan, A. (2023). BMI Classification Percentile and Cut Off Points. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

Wiewelhove, T., Schneider, C., Schmidt, A., Döweling, A., Meyer, T., Kellmann, M., Pfeiffer, M., & Ferrauti, A. (2018). Active Recovery After High-Intensity Interval-Training Does Not Attenuate Training Adaptation. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 415. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00415

World Medical Association (2025). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Princi-ples for Medical Research Involving Human Participants. Journal of the American Medical Asso-ciation, 333(1), 71–74. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.21972

Yabe, H., Kono, K., Onoyama, A., Kiyota, A., Moriyama, Y., Okada, K., & Kasuga, H. (2021). Predicting a target exercise heart rate that reflects the anaerobic threshold in nonbeta-blocked hemodialysis patients: The Karvonen and heart rate reserve formulas. Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis: of-ficial peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, 25(6), 884–889. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-9987.13628

Descargas

Publicado

2025-08-30

Cómo citar

Fuentes-Barría, H., Alarcón-Rivera, M., & Aguilera-Eguía, R. (2025). Dinámica cardiovagal en una sesión de entrenamiento en bloque comparada con un entrenamiento en circuito: ensayo controlado aleatorizado. Retos, 72, 37–49. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v72.116904

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas