Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors What is the difference between shooting technique and pointer kinematics in novice athletes? A study on the sport of Petanque
Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.106200Keywords:
Biomechanics, manipulative skills, training evaluation, gait analysisAbstract
Petanque, as a sport, requires proficiency in shooting techniques and pointing kinematic movements. Understanding the distinctions between these two skills is crucial for novice athletes to excel in the sport. This study aimed to assess the kinematic motion of children practicing petanque pointing and shooting techniques. Employing a quantitative approach with a comparative design, the study utilized purposive sampling to select 21 male novice petanque athletes. Kinematic analysis using Kinovea Software 0.9.4 was conducted to observe throwing success in the sagittal plane. The kinematic data collected for both pointing and shooting techniques were categorized into four stages: backswing, zero position, release, and advanced throwing position. Results indicated significant differences in the backswing phase, particularly in shoulder extension and ball height (α < 0.05). Several variables differed significantly between the two techniques across various phases. Shooting exhibited higher speed (10.94 ± 13.34 m/s) compared to pointing (5.290 ± 0.44 m/s). At the release stage, variables such as ball height, speed, and release angle differed significantly (α < 0.05), with pointing generally resulting in higher ball height (92.53 ± 9.69 m) but slower speed (6.46 ± 0.43 m/s) compared to shooting (80.19 ± 10.74 m and 16.09 ± 5.18 m/s, respectively). Moreover, pointing involved a wider release angle (42.38 ± 5.85 o) compared to shooting (35.31 ± 7.26 o). Significant differences in body and knee flexion, maximum ball height, and ball speed were observed during the follow-through phase (α < 0.05). Notably, ball speed during pointing was slower (4.90 ± 2.35 m/s) than shooting (13.01 ± 5.36 m/s). The study suggests that specific techniques in shooting and pointing can be tailored to enhance training methods for children, thereby improving their performance outcomes. Deep comprehension of the disparities between these techniques enables novice athletes to develop their skills effectively in petanque. Further research exploring various age groups and genders could provide additional insights into petanque throwing techniques.
References
Almeida, G. P. L., Silveira, P. F., Rosseto, N. P., Barbosa, G., Ejnisman, B., & Cohen, M. (2013). Glenohumeral range of motion in handball players with and without throwing-related shoulder pain. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 22(5), 602–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2012.08.027
Athaya, H., Dewantara, J., Husein, M., Taiar, R., Malek, N. F. A., & Shukla, M. (2023). Analysis of physical fitness in students: a comparative study based on social status. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(3), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i3.66542
Ayubi, N., Purwanto, B., Rejeki, P. S., Kusnanik, N. W., Herawati, L., Komaini, A., Mutohir, T. C., Nurhasan, N., Al Ardha, M. A., & Firmansyah, A. (2022). Effect of acute omega 3 supplementation reduces serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) levels, pain intensity, and maintains muscle strength after high-intensity weight training. Retos, 46, 677–682. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93720
Aziz, I., Okilanda, A., Rozi, M. F., Suganda, M. A., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Results of Special Tests on Sports Students: Does It Have a Relationship with Learning Outcomes of Basic Athletic Practice? International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 676–682. https://doi.org/0.13189/saj.2023.110322
Badaru, B., Rachmat Kasmad, M., Juhanis, J., & Anwar, N. I. (2021). Effect of Accuracy and Muscle Strength Training on the Result of Shooting Throws in Petanque. Jurnal Maenpo : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan Dan Rekreasi, 11(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.35194/jm.v11i1.1213
Bahri, S., Resmana, D., Tomo, H. S., & Apriantono, T. (2021). The effect of exercising under particulate matter 2.5 conditions on forced vital capacity and blood lead levels. Physiotherapy Quarterly, 29(3), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.5114/pq.2020.100288
Betty Retnowulan, R. R., & Kunta Purnama, S. (2017). The contribution of body height, arm length, arm muscle strength and leg power on the ability of free throw shoot of woman basketball athletes. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science , 3(3), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.438121
Buchman, A. S., Wilson, R. S., Boyle, P. A., Tang, Y., Fleischman, D. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2007). Physical activity and leg strength predict decline in mobility performance in older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55(10), 1618–1623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01359.x
Buford, W. L., Ivey, F. M., Nakamura, T., Patterson, R. M., & Nguyen, D. K. (2001). Internal/external rotation moment arms of muscles at the knee: Moment arms for the normal knee and the ACL-deficient knee. Knee, 8(4), 293–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0160(01)00106-5
Bustomi, A. O., Hidayah, T., Okilanda, A., & Putra, D. D. (2020). Analisis Gerak Pointing Pada Olahraga Petanque. Journal Sport Area, 5(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2020.vol5(1).4807
Chandra Triadi, N. (2021). Contribution Of Power And Strength Of Arm Muscles To Petanque Shooting Ability In Sport Education Students At Muhammadiyah University Of Surakarta. Ijersc.Org, 648–656.
Custodio, J. M., Shukla, M., Tulyakul, S., & Taiar, R. (2024). How ladder drill V-pattern and snake jump exercises impact the agility of basketball players. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 2(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v2i1.72008
Delp, S. L., Ringwelski, D. A., & Carroll, N. C. (1994). Transfer of the rectus femoris: Effects of transfer site on moment arms about the knee and hip. In Journal of Biomechanics (Vol. 27, Issue 10, pp. 1201–1211). https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)90274-7
Doshi, P. K., Chhaya, N., & Bhatt, M. H. (2002). Depression leading to attempted suicide after bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 17(5), 1084–1085. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10198
Elgendi, M., Picon, F., Magnenat-Thalmann, N., & Abbott, D. (2014). Arm movement speed assessment via a Kinect camera: A preliminary study in healthy subjects. BioMedical Engineering Online, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-13-88
Fentem, P. H. (1994). Benefits of Exercise in Health and Disease. Bmj, 308(May), 1291–1295.
Fitri, R., & Imansari, M. L. (2020). Permainan Karpet Engkle: Aktivitas Motorik untuk Meningkatkan Keseimbangan Tubuh Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 1186–1198. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.754
Fulkerson, J. P., & Edgar, C. (2013). Medial quadriceps tendon-femoral ligament: Surgical anatomy and reconstruction technique to prevent patella instability. Arthroscopy Techniques, 2(2), e125–e128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2013.01.002
Harianto, E., Gustian, U., Supriatna, E., Shalaby, M. N., & Taiar, R. (2023). Stimulating game performance skills in students: experimental studies using net games. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(2), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i2.65009
Hoffmann, E. R., & Hui, M. C. (2010). Movement times of different arm components. Ergonomics, 53(8), 979–993. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2010.500403
Hrysomallis, C. (2010). Balance Ability and Athletic Performance Con Hrysomallis Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living School of Sport and Exercise Science Victoria University Melbourne Australia. Sports Medicine, 41(3), 221–232.
Irawan, F. A., Ghassani, D. S., Permana, D. F. W., Kusumawardhana, B., Saputro, H. T., Fajaruddin, S., & Bawang, R. J. G. (2022). Analysis of pointing accuracy on petanque standing position: Performance and accuracy. Journal Sport Area, 7(3), 456–465. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2022.vol7(3).10183
Irham, Y., Ihsan, N., Gusril, & Putra, A. N. (2022). The Effect of Training Media and Playing Concentration on the Shooting Accuracy of Petanque Athletes at Universitas Negeri Padang. Gladi : Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 13(3), 330–346. https://doi.org/10.21009/gjik.133.08
Kartiko, D. C., Tuasikal, A. R. S., Al Ardha, M. A., & Yang, C. B. (2019). Biomechanical Analysis of Ball Trajectory Direction in Free Throw. 335(ICESSHum), 449–453. https://doi.org/10.2991/icesshum-19.2019.73
Krishnan, R., Björsell, N., Gutierrez-Farewik, E. M., & Smith, C. (2019). A survey of human shoulder functional kinematic representations. Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 57(2), 339–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-018-1903-3
Levin, M. F., & Piscitelli, D. (2022). Motor Control: A Conceptual Framework for Rehabilitation. Motor Control, 26(4), 497–517. https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2022-0026
Loser, R., Piskoty, G., Al-Badri, A., Tuchschmid, M., Schmid, P., & Leemann, A. (2011). Investigation into the mechanisms leading to explosion of pétanque balls. Engineering Failure Analysis, 18(2), 633–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2010.09.029
Lubis, M. R., Permadi, A. G., & Muhaimin, A. (2021). The Effectiveness of Using Le Duo Tir Tools in Increasing Petanque Shooting Accuracy. Prisma Sains : Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu Dan Pembelajaran Matematika Dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 9(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v9i2.4074
Mariati, D. S., Sumaryanti, S., Nugroho, S., Yassin, A., & Budayati, E. S. (2024). Movement reinforcement factors related to children’s motor skills: a review study in sports education. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 2(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v2i1.74751
Meijer, J. H., & Robbers, Y. (2014). Wheel running in the wild. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1786). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0210
Muehlbauer, T., Mettler, C., Roth, R., & Granacher, U. (2014). One-leg standing performance and muscle activity: Are there limb differences? Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 30(3), 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0230
Nurhasan, Al Ardha, M. A., Ristanto, K. O., Yang, C. B., Wijayanto, A., Pradana, S. W. K. C., Putra, N. S. R. P., Firmansyah, A., Bikalawan, S. S., Rizki, A. Z., & Utomo, R. S. (2024). Kinematic Movement Differences Between Petanque Pointing and Shooting Technique in Children. Retos, 52, 52–61. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V52.97143
Nurhasan, N., Ardha, M. A. Al, Erta, E., & Dewi, H. S. C. P. (2023). Training of trainer coaching clinic Petanque di Jawa Timur. Lumbung Inovasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 8(1), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.36312/linov.v8i1.1215
Peat, M., Culham, E., & Wilk, K. E. (2009). Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Complex. The Athlete’s Shoulder, 18(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044306701-3.50004-9
Pelana, R., Irfansyah, A. R., & Setiakarnawijaya, Y. (2019). Study Of Correlation Between Power Of The Arm Muscle And Rom (Range Of Motion) Of Shoulder With The Results Of 9 Meters Distance Shooting In Petanque Athlete Faculty Of Sport Science State University Of Jakarta, Indonesia. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 5(9), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3228919
Pelana, R., Setiakarnawijaya, Y., Dwiyana, F., Sari, L. P., Abdurrahman, Antoni, R., & Yusmawati. (2021). The effect of arm length, arm endurance and self-confidence on petanque shooting. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(4), 2381–2388. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4319
Pérez Pueyo, Á., Hortigüela Alcalá, D., Hernando Garijo, A., Barba Martín, J. J., Heras Bernardino, C., Casado Berrocal, Ó. M., Vega Cobo, D., Centeno Fernández, L. A., & Herrán Álvarez, I. (2013). Acrobacias para la inclusión: el logro de todos y todas a través del estilo actitudinal. In Educación física y deporte promotores de una vida saludable. Recursos del medio natural y cultural para intervenir en el sedentarismo y la obesidad (Issue August 2015).
Phadke, V., Camargo, P., & Ludewig, P. (2009). Scapular rotator cuff arm elevation normal and alterations. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 13(1), 1–9.
Phytanza, D. T. P., Burhaein, E., Indriawan, S., Lourenço, C. C. V., Demirci, N., Widodo, P., Widiyono, I. P., Irawan, Y. F., Sutopo, W. G., Parmadi, M., Azizah, A. R., Saleh, M., Hadiatmo, A., & Susanto, A. (2022). Accuracy Training Program: Can Improve Shooting Results of Petanque Athletes Aged 15-20 Years? International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100117
Pollock, A. S., Durward, B. R., Rowe, P. J., & Paul, J. P. (2000). What is balance? Clinical Rehabilitation, 14(4), 402–406. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215500cr342oa
Rau, G., Disselhorst-Klug, C., & Schmidt, R. (2000). Movement biomechanics goes upwards: From the leg to the arm. Journal of Biomechanics, 33(10), 1207–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00062-2
Rhamadhan, F., Hidayat, R., Kahar, I., & Hakim, N. (2023). Shooting Ability Of Petanque Athletes In Palopo: The Role Of Physical Conditions And Kinesthetic Perceptions. JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga, 8(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.33222/juara.v8i1.2582
Rizal, R. M., Asmawi, M., & Lubis, J. (2021). Effect of self-talk on pentanque shooting accuracy. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(4), 807–813. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090427
Rizqika Rizal, D. H., Subekti, N., & Alzaid, M. T. (2022). Physical Fitness Profile of Students in terms of Student Activities in Sports. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science, 3(2), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.58524/jcss.v1i1.111
Romero-Naranjo, J., Andreu-Cabrera, E., & Arnau-Molla, A. (2023). Neuromotricidad y esquema corporal. Retos, 2041, 615–627.
Rony, M. R., Asmawi, M., & Lubis, J. (2021). Petanque: Mental Imagery and Shooting Accuracy. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sports Sciences and Health (ICSSH 2020), 36(Icssh 2020), 35–37. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210707.005
Rozi, M. F., Resmana, R., Selviani, I., Okilanda, A., Sumantri, R. J., Suganda, M. A., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Imagery and Agility Training: How do They Affect the Reaction Ability of Futsal Goalkeepers? Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 23(3), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.3.02
Sääkslahti, A., & Niemistö, D. (2021). Outdoor activities and motor development in 2–7-year-old boys and girls. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21, 463–468. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s1047
Samoling, A., . S., Sinaga, E., & Mandosir, Y. M. (2022). Survey of sports science students’ interest in petanque sports in 2021. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 9(6), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.22271/kheljournal.2022.v9.i6a.2669
Setiakarnawijaya, Y., Kuswahyudi, Pelana, R., Yuliasih, Oktafiranda, N. D., Ilham, M., & Mitsalina, D. (2021). Correlation study between arm muscle endurance and arm length with pointing accuracy in petanque. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(4), 2413–2418. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4324
Shafeie, M., Manifar, S., & Milosevic, M. (2023). Arm Movement Effect on Balance. 4549–4552.
Singh, K., & Singh, R. (2015). Acade mic Sports Scholars. 1052(c), 2–7.
Sukawi, W. A. S., Maliki, O., & Widiyatmoko, F. A. (2021). Pengaruh latihan kekuatan otot tangan, daya tahan otot dan keseimbangan terhadap ketepatan shooting game petanque di UKM Petanque Upgris. Journal of Physical Activity and Sports (JPAS), 2(2), 274–279. https://doi.org/10.53869/jpas.v2i2.67
Susan, K. T. (2020). Anatomical Localisation of Motor Entry Points of Flexor Muscles of Forearm involved in Spasticity.
Tekin, D., & Agopyan, A. (2022). Comparison of Motorcyclists’ Hand Grip Strength and Reaction Time [Comparación En Los Motociclistas En La Fuerza Del Apretón De Mano Y Su Tiempo De Reacción]. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 14(1), 97–112.
Yudho, F. H. P., Limudin, L., Aryani, M., Dimyati, A., Julianti, R. R., & Iqbal, R. (2022). Analisis keterhubungan daya ledak otot lengan dengan keterampilan menembak bola tangan. Multilateral : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 21(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.20527/multilateral.v21i1.12548
Zahrani, N. (2013). Pengaruh Pelatihan. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Zehr, E. P., & Duysens, J. (2004). Regulation of arm and leg movement during human locomotion. Neuroscientist, 10(4), 347–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858404264680
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dina Agustina, Cerika Rismayanthi, Muhammad Fakhrur Rozi, Maharani Fatima Gandasari, Mohamad Da'i, Sumaryanti Sumaryanti, Rina Yuniana, Mashud Mashud, Mikkey Anggara Suganda, Julian Dewantara; Didi Suryadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
