The digital competences of future professionals in Physical Activity and Sports in Ecuador

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.112741

Keywords:

Digital competences, Physical Activity Pedagogy, Higher education, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Educational innovation

Abstract

The study analysed the digital competencies of Physical Activity and Sports Pedagogy students in Ecuador, highlighting their relevance to professional development in an increasingly digitalised environment. It examined the skills of 908 students from four universities, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and differences related to gender and institutional context through a quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach using the CDAES questionnaire, which evaluates creativity, innovation, research, digital citizenship, and communication. Results revealed that students excelled in research, information management, digital citizenship, and creativity but faced challenges in communication, digital collaboration, and basic ICT concepts. Significant differences were observed between universities, with male students scoring slightly higher, although no notable gender gaps were identified. The findings align with previous research pointing to inequalities in access to and use of technology, emphasising the need to address inflated perceptions of digital skills. The study concludes that universities must foster equity in digital skills training and incorporate the ethical use of artificial intelligence to equip future educators for contemporary educational and professional challenges.

Author Biography

  • José-Antonio Marín-Marín, Universidad de Granada

    Lecturer in the Department of Didactics and School Organisation at the University of Granada.

    Graduate in Teaching, specialising in Primary Education, Degree in Pedagogy and Doctorate from the University of Granada. For 18 years he has worked as an educational counsellor with students in infant, primary and secondary education. He has also been an associate professor at the International Postgraduate School of the University of Granada for eight years. Currently, he is Associate Professor in the Department of Didactics and School Organization at the University of Granada. He is head of the EducaTech XXI Research Group (SEJ-666) Education and technology for the 21st century. He is also a member of the Spanish Society of Pedagogy. Co-founder and CEO of the Spin-off of the University of Granada, ESCENTIA investigación y formación s.l. He has made several stays abroad in higher education institutions. He is the author of numerous publications in the field of Educational Sciences, as well as articles in prestigious journals. His areas of work are educational guidance, active teaching methodologies, problematic use of the Internet, educational technology and teacher training.

     

References

Amaral, N., Novella, R. & Rucci, G. (2019). Las tendencias: ¿Qué dicen los datos? En M. Mateo, y G. Rucci, G. (Edit.), El futuro ya está aquí (pp. 60-81). Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. https://doi.org/10.18235/0001950

Azad, M, & Rashvand, S. (2020) An Investigation on the Perceived and Actual Technological Literacy of University Instructors and Students in Iran. Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory 2020, 3(9), pp. 29-39. https://doi.org/10.22034/iepa.2020.230985.1168

Bernate, J., & Fonseca, I. (2023). Competencias digitales en profesores de Licenciatura de Educación Física (Digital skills in teachers of Physical Education Degree). Retos Digital, 49, 252–259. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.96866

Bernate, J., Fonseca, I., Guataquira, A., & Perilla, A. (2020). Competencias Digitales en estudiantes de Licenciatura en Educación Física (Digital Competences in Bachelor of Physical Education stu-dents). Retos Digital, 41, 310–318. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.85852.

Bonfield, C. A., Salter, M., Longmuir, A., Benson, M., & Adachi, C. (2020). Transformation or evolution?: Education 4.0, teaching and learning in the digital age. Higher Education Pedagogies, 5(1), 223–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2020.1816847.

Cabero-Almenara, J., Barroso-Osuna, J., Rodríguez-Gallego, M., & Palacios-Rodríguez, A. (2020). La Competencia Digital Docente. El caso de las universidades andaluzas. Aula Abierta, 49(4), pp. 363-372. https://doi.org/10.17811/rifie.49.3.2020.363-372

Castaño, C. (2008). La segunda Brecha Digital. Cátedra

Catts, R., & Lau, J. (2008). Towards information literacy indicators. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000158723

Cobos-Velasco, J., Jaramillo-Naranjo, L., & Vinueza-Vinueza, S. (2019). Las competencias digitales en docentes y futuros profesionales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Revista Cátedra. 2(1),76-97. https://doi.org/10.29166/catedra.v2i1.1560

De Obesso, M. D. L. M., Núñez-Canal, M., & Pérez-Rivero, C. A. (2023). How do students perceive educa-tors' digital competence in higher education? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 188, 122284.

Díaz-Barahona, J., Molina-García, J., & Monfort-Pañego, M. (2019). Estudio de las actitudes y el interés de los docentes de primaria de educación física por las TIC en la Comunidad Valenciana. Retos, 35, 267–272. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.63355

Fernandez-Batanero, J., Montenegro-Rueda, M., Fernandez-Cerero, J., & Garcia- Martinez, I. (2020). Digi-tal competences for teacher professional development. Systematic review, European Journal of Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1827389

Ferrari, A. (2012). Digital Competence in Practice: An Analysis of Frameworks,European Commission-JRC-IPTS, Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union.

Figueras, S., Capllonch, M., Blázquez, D. & Monzonís, N. (2015). Competencias básicas y educación física: estudios e investigaciones. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 123, 34-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2016/1).123.04

Forliano, C., De Bernardi, P., & Yahiaoui, D. (2021). Entrepreneurial universities: A bibliometric analysis within the business and management domains. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 165(120522), 120522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120522.

Gallardo-Echenique, E. E., Marqués-Molías, L., Bullen, M., & Strijbos, J.-W. (2015). Let’s talk about digital learners in the digital era. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learn-ing, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v16i3.2196.

García-Pérez, A., Ramírez-Arrabal, V., Rojas-Cepero, I., & Caracuel-Cáliz, R. F. (2024). El alumnado de educación primaria promotor de salud a través de la investigación en el área de educación física (Primary school students promoting health through research in the area of physical educa-tion). Retos Digital, 55, 327–338. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.101545

Garzón Artacho, E., Martínez, T. S., Ortega Martín, J. L., Marín-Marín, J.-A., & Gómez García, G. (2020). Teacher training in Lifelong Learning—the importance of digital competence in the encour-agement of teaching innovation. Sustainability, 12(7), 2852. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072852

Gisbert Cervera, M., González Martínez, J., & Esteve Mon, F. M. (2016). Competencia digital y competen-cia digital docente: una panorámica sobre el estado de la cuestión. Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación En Tecnología Educativa. https://doi.org/10.6018/riite2016/257631

González-Ruiz, J., Granero-Gallegos, A., Marín-Marín, J.-A., & Moreno-Guerrero, A. J. (2024). Bibliometric analysis of anxiety and physical education in Web of Science—A performance and co-word study. Pediatric Reports, 16(4), 1169–1187. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040099

Guillén Gámez, F. D., & Perrino Peña, M. (2020). Análisis Univariante de la Competencia Digital en Edu-cación Física: un estudio empírico (Univariate Analysis of Digital Competence in Physical Edu-cation: an empirical study). Retos, 37, 326–332. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.72052

Gurises Unidos. (2017). Pensamiento computacional. Un aporte para la educación de hoy. Gurises Uni-dos y Fundación Telefónica-Movistar. https://doi.org/10.18411/a- 2017-023

Hinojo-Lucena, F. J., Marín-Marín, J.-A., Navas-Parejo, M. R., & Rodríguez, J. R. (2020). El posgrado uni-versitario como formación inicial del profesorado. El caso de la especialidad de educación física de la universidad de Granada. Journal of sport and health research, 12(3), 19-19.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. (2021). Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación 2020. https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/tecnologias-de-la-informacion-y-comunicacion-tic/

Jones, C., & Ramanau, R. (2009). The Net Generation enters university: ¿What are the implications for Technology Enhanced Learning? In: M-2009: Proceedings of the 23rd ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education including the 2009 EADTU Annual Conference, 7-10 Jun 2009, Maastricht, NL. https://doi.org/10.3115/1600053.1600089

Kaminski, K., Switzer, J., & Gloeckner, G. (2009). Workforce readiness: A study of university students’ fluency with information technology. Computers & Education, 53(2), 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.01.017

Katz, I. R., & Macklin, A. S. (2007). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Literacy: Integra-tion and Assessment in Higher Education. Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 5 (4), 50-55.

Kennedy, G., Dalgarno, B., Bennett, S., Gray, K., Waycott, J., Judd, T., Bishop, A., Maton, K., Krause, K.-L., & Chang, R. (2005). Educating the Net Generation. Australian Learning & Teaching Council.

Klofsten, M., Fayolle, A., Guerrero, M., Mian, S., Urbano, D., & Wright, M. (2018). The entrepreneurial university as driver for economic growth and social change - Key strategic challeng-es. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.12.004.

Littlejohn, A., Beetham, H., & Mcgill, L. (2012). Learning at the digital frontier: A review of digital litera-cies in theory and practice. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(6), 547-556. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00474.x

Lopez, J., Pozo, S., Morales, M. B., & Lopez, E. (2019). Competencia digital de futuros docentes para efec-tuar un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje mediante realidad virtual. Edutec. Revista Electró-nica de Tecnología Educativa, (67), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2019.67.1327

López-Belmonte, J., Dúo-Terrón, P., Marín-Marín, J.-A., & Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J. (2024). Machine learn-ing as a methodological resource in the classroom. In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies (pp. 233–253). Springer Nature Switzerland.

López-Belmonte, J., Marín-Marín, J.-A., Segura-Robles, A., & Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J. (2023). Flipped learning for promoting self-regulation, social competence, and decision-making in pandemic conditions. SAGE Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231208772

Marín-Marín, J.-A., López-Belmonte, J., Pozo-Sánchez, S., & Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J. (2023). Attitudes towards the development of good practices with augmented reality in secondary education teachers in Spain. Technology Knowledge and Learning, 28(4), 1443–1459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-023-09671-9

Marín-Marín, J.-A., Soler-Costa, R., Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J., & López-Belmonte, J. (2020). Effectiveness of diet habits and active life in vocational training for higher technician in dietetics: Contrast be-tween the traditional method and the digital resources. Nutrients, 12(11), 3475. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113475

Martin, A. (2005). DigEuLit – a European framework for digital literacy: A progress report. JeLit, Jour-nal of eLiteracy, 2(2), pp. 130-136.

Martínez-Rico, G., Alberola-Albors, M., Pérez-Campos, C., & González-García, R. J. (2021). Physical Edu-cation teachers’ perceived digital competences: Are they prepared for the challenges of the new digital age? Sustainability, 14(1), 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010321

Molina, N., Ávalos-Ramos, M. A., & Vega Ramírez, L. (2024). Competencias Profesionales en estudiantes universitarios de Educación Física. Desarrollo, Evaluación y Transferencia (Professional Com-petences in University students of Physical Education. Development, Evaluation and Trans-fer). Retos Digital, 55, 603–612. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.104143

Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J., Marín-Marin, J.-A., López-Belmonte, J., & Churi, P. (2022). Systematic review on digital competence in the Spanish context. In Digital Literacy for Teachers (pp. 495–517). Springer Nature Singapore.

Ortíz, D. C., Allepuz, J. P., & Sánchez, M. L. Z. (2019). Estado actual de la Educación Física desde el punto de vista del profesorado. Propuestas de mejora. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (35), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.63038

Palvia, P., Baqir, N., & Nemati, H. (2018). ICT for socio-economic development: A citizens’ perspec-tive. Information & Management, 55(2), 160–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2017.05.003

Pegalajar-Palomino, M. C. & Rodríguez-Torres, Á. F. (2023) Digital literacy in university students of education degrees in Ecuador. Front. Educ. 8:1299059. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1299059

Perea Rodríguez, R. L., & Abello Avila, C. M. (2021). Competencias digitales en estudiantes y docentes universitarios del área de la educación física y el deporte (Digital competences in university students and teachers in the area of Physical Education and Sports). Retos Digital, 43, 1065–1072. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.86401

Rappoport, S., Rodríguez, M., & Bresanello, M. (2020). Enseñar en tiempos de COVID-19. Una guía teóri-co-práctica para docentes. UNESCO.

Rodríguez, Á., Gómez, M., Granda, V., & Naranjo, J. (2016). Paradigmas de investigación: tres visio-nes diferentes de ver y comprender a la Educación Física. Lecturas: Educación Física y Depor-tes. Revista Digital. 21(222), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.46642/efd.v26i275.2819

Rodríguez, JM & Ávila, J. (2022). La integración de herramientas digitales en la educación física: Pers-pectivas y desafíos. Revista de Ciencias de la Educación Física y del Deporte, 13(2), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020183

Rodríguez-Torres, Á., Rosero-Duque, M., & Aguirre-Obando, E. (2018). La búsqueda de la información científica en la Universidad Central del Ecuador: reflexiones desde el caso Facultad de Cultura Física. Revista Ciencias Sociales, 1(39), pp. 181–188.

Sánchez-Caballé, A., Gisbert Cervera, M., & Esteve-Mon, F. M. (2020). The digital competence of univer-sity students: a systematic literature review. Computers & Education, 168, 104212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104212

Shopova T. (2014). Digital Literacy of Students and Its Improvement at the University. Journal on Effi-ciency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 7(2), pp. 26-32. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2014.070201

UNESCO. (2018). UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers. UNESCO. https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/pluginfile.php/306820/mod_resource/con tent/2/UNESCO%20ICT%20Competency%20Framework%20V3.pdf

Urakova, F. K., Ishmuradova, I. I., Kondakchian, N. A., Akhmadieva, R. S., Torkunova, J. V., Meshkova, I. N., & Mashkin, N. A. (2023). Investigating digital skills among Russian higher education students. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(1), ep398, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12600

Yeşilyurt, E., & Vezne, R. (2023). Digital literacy, technological literacy, and internet literacy as predic-tors of attitude toward applying computer-supported education. Education and Information-Technologies, 28, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11311-1

Zhao, Y., Pinto Llorente, A. M., & Sánchez Gómez, M. C. (2021). Digital competence in higher education research: A systematic literature review. Computers & Education, 168(104212), 104212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104212

Zhou, C., & Purushothaman, A. (2019). Developing creativity and learning design by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in developing contexts. In Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Artificial Intelligence, Computer6 uni499-511). IGI global.

Ziemba, E. (2019). The contribution of ICT adoption to the sustainable information society. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 59(2), 116–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2017.1312635

Downloads

Published

17-04-2025

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

How to Cite

Marín-Marín, J.-A., Rodríguez-Torres, Ángel F. ., Martínez-Cevallos, D. A., & Rodríguez-Alvear, J. C. (2025). The digital competences of future professionals in Physical Activity and Sports in Ecuador. Retos, 67, 745-760. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.112741