Beneficios psicológicos de la actividad física en el trabajo de un centro educativo (Psychological benefits of physical activity in an educational center work)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i30.50254Keywords:
salud mental, procesos mentales, ejercicio físico, salud ocupacional, educación básica (mental health, mental processes, physical exercise, occupational health, basic education)Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de describir los factores psicológicos de la práctica de la actividad física en el ámbito laboral, caracterizando la percepción de los beneficios psicológicos de la actividad física en el trabajo. Utilizando un Cuestionario de datos socio- demográficos y deportivos; la Escala de Disfrute de la Actividad Física (PACES: Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale) y la Escala de Beneficios Psicológicos de la Actividad Física y Deportiva (EBEPAFyD), mediante el método de encuesta, se analizaron las variables sociodemográficas y de actividad física, el grado de frecuencia percibido sobre los beneficios psicológicos y la respuesta actitudinal del disfrute hacia la experiencia de la práctica de la actividad física enfocada al rendimiento y a la calidad de vida laboral, aplicándose a 37 trabajadores de un Centro de Educación Integral. Los resultados indican que a pesar de que es una población sedentaria, existen respuestas actitudinales en niveles positivos de disfrute, gusto, agrado, diversión, energía y sensación de bienestar corporal proporcionados por la práctica de la actividad física. Entre las principales conclusiones se destaca que a nivel cognitivo-afectivo aumentan las percepciones positivas sobre los beneficios psicológicos: mejora la autoestima; la percepción corporal; la sensación saludable; y los niveles de activación. Así mismo, se percibe disminución del estrés, de la tensión nerviosa, de la depresión y el cansancio.
Abstract. This study aims to describe the psychological factors of physical activity practice at workplace, characterizing the perception of psychological benefits of physical activity at work. We used a socio-demographic and sports questionnaire data; the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) and the Scale of Psychological Benefits of Physical Activity and Sport (EBEPAFyD) were applied. We used the survey method to analyze sociodemographic and physical activity variables, perceived frequency degree of psychological benefits, and behavioral response of enjoyment of the experience of physical activity practice, focusing on performance and quality of working life. Surveys were applied to 37 workers of a Centre for Integral Education. Results indicate that although this sample is sedentary, there are positive attitudinal responses of enjoyment, pleasure, fun, energy, and sense of physical well-being provided by practicing physical activity. Among the key findings, we can highlight an increase of positive perceptions about the psychological benefits at a cognitive-affective level: improved self-esteem; body perception; healthy feeling; and activation levels. At the same time, results show perceived decreased stress, depression and fatigue.
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