Observational analysis of the interaction between kicker and goalkeeper in penalty shootouts in international national team competitions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107347Keywords:
observational methodology; penalty shootout; interaction, diachronic analysis.Abstract
Within the observational methodology, this article analyzes the kicker-goalkeeper interaction (n=120) that occurs in penalty shootouts in international national team competitions -European Championship´21, Copa América´21, Asian Cup´19, Africa Cup of Nations´19-, taking into consideration the area of the goal to which the shot is directed. The recording and coding of the data was carried out using LINCE software, version 1.4. The recording is structured in a diachronic way from four critical frames in the penalty shootout and also includes conditional frames that reflect the interaction between the kicker and the goalkeeper. The reliability of the records has been guaranteed through intra-observer agreement. Based on the theory of generalizability, the number of penalties with which the present investigation has been carried out has been guaranteed; and evidence of the validity of the observation instrument is provided. Two data analyses have been carried out: synchronic -Cramer's V and adjusted residuals- and diachronic -detection of T-patterns-. The results point out as particularly relevant: the information provided by the dimensions “goalkeeper's actions prior to the shot” -through which the goalkeeper can influence the behavior of the kicker-; the combination of the dimensions “orientation of the supporting foot” and “position of the arm opposite to the kicker's skilled foot” to try to predict the area of the goal to which the kick will be directed; and the tendency of the player, in penalty shootouts, to kick to his natural side. The observation system is presented as a valuable tool for coaches and goalkeepers to prepare for shootouts.
Keywords: observational methodology; penalty shootout; interaction, diachronic analysis.
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