The Role of High-Protein Diets and Physical Activity in Fat Loss and Metabolic Health: Implications for Sustainable Food Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v66.114171Keywords:
High-protein diet, physical activity, fat loss, metabolic health, sustainabilityAbstract
Introducción: La obesidad y los trastornos metabólicos relacionados, como la diabetes tipo 2 y las enfermedades cardiovasculares, están aumentando a nivel mundial, lo que hace que las intervenciones efectivas sean cruciales. Las dietas altas en proteínas y la actividad física estructurada son estrategias prometedoras para combatir estos problemas.
Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto de las dietas altas en proteínas combinadas con actividad física en la pérdida de grasa, la salud metabólica y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas alimentarios.
Metodología: Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado de 12 semanas con 60 participantes evaluó los efectos de una dieta alta en proteínas (1.6-2.0 g/kg de peso corporal) y actividad física estructurada (ejercicio aeróbico y de resistencia) en la composición corporal, el metabolismo de la glucosa y los perfiles lipídicos. El grupo control siguió una dieta equilibrada sin intervención de ejercicio. Se recolectaron datos sobre antropometría, marcadores bioquímicos y adherencia a los protocolos.
Resultados: El grupo de intervención mostró reducciones significativas en el peso corporal (6.2 kg), la masa grasa (4.8 kg) y la circunferencia de la cintura (8.5 cm). Los niveles de glucosa en ayunas y los perfiles lipídicos mejoraron, con una reducción del 12% en glucosa y una reducción del 18% en colesterol LDL. El grupo control mostró cambios mínimos.
Discusión: La intervención combinada de dietas altas en proteínas y actividad física demostró efectos sinérgicos en la pérdida de grasa y la salud metabólica, destacando la importancia de las estrategias integradas para el manejo de la obesidad. También se observaron respuestas específicas por género.
Conclusiones: Este estudio respaldó la eficacia de las intervenciones combinadas de dieta y ejercicio en la promoción de la pérdida de grasa y la mejora de la salud metabólica. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios a largo plazo para evaluar la sostenibilidad y las aplicaciones más amplias para la salud pública.
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