Reconstructing masculinity: the role of traditional sports in shaping gender identities in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.115182Keywords:
Gender Identity, Masculinity, Pencak Silat, Traditional SportAbstract
Introduction: Traditional Indonesian sports are deeply rooted in the nation’s cultural heritage, and among them, Pencak Silat occupies a central role in shaping societal values and national identity. This study examines how Pencak Silat, Indonesia’s indigenous martial art, contributes to the construction and negotiation of masculine identities among its practitioners.
Objective: Drawing from theories of hegemonic masculinity, gender performativity, and structural functionalism, the research explores the ways in which Pencak Silat reinforces traditional male ideals while adapting to modern influences.
Methodology: Using a scoping review methodology, this study synthesizes existing literature from academic journals, government reports, media sources, and policy documents to map key concepts and identify research gaps. The data collection process involved structured keyword searches across major databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. To ensure relevance, inclusion criteria focused on publications within the last five years that analyze masculinity, traditional sports, and gender identity in Indonesia or comparable Southeast Asian contexts. A qualitative content analysis was employed, using thematic and comparative approaches to extract key patterns and contradictions within the literature.
Discussion: Findings reveal that Pencak Silat socializes male athletes into dominant masculine ideals, emphasizing discipline, leadership, and honor.
Conclusion: Rooted in hegemonic masculinity theory, Pencak Silat instills discipline and control, shaping collective male identities. Gender performativity theory further reveals how masculinity is enacted through rituals and mentorship, validating traditional norms while allowing room for reinterpretation. However, global gender discourse is gradually reshaping these ideals, with younger athletes challenging rigid masculine portrayals.
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