El ejercicio físico supervisado durante el embarazo mejora la percepción de la salud. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado (Supervised physical exercise during pregnancy improves health perception. Randomised controlled trial)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i24.34521Keywords:
ejercicio físico, embarazo, percepción salud, incontinencia urinaria.Abstract
Objetivo; Investigar la influencia de un programa de ejercicio físico de intensidad moderada realizado durante toda la gestación sobre la percepción de salud de la gestante. Material y métodos; Se desarrolló un ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado. 101 mujeres primíparas fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en dos grupos (grupo control (GC) n=51, grupo intervención (GI) n=50, muestra perdida 13, 11.4%). El GI participó en un programa de ejercicio físico desde la semana de gestación 10-14 hasta el final de la gestación (70-75 sesiones de 55-60 min, tres veces por semana). El GC recibió la atención médica regular. Todas las gestantes rellenaron dos cuestionarios validados sobre salud percibida e incontinencia urinaria, antes y después de la intervención. Resultados; Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos en la salud percibida al final de la intervención [muy buena: GI 35, 70% vs. GC 5, 9.8%; buena: GI 15, 30% vs. GC 16, 31%; regular GI 0, 0.0% vs. GC 26, 51%; mala GI 0, 0.0% vs. GC 3, 5.9%; muy mala: GI 0, 0.0% vs. GC 1, 2% (p<.001)]. Además el GI padeció menos incontinencia urinaria [Puntuación ICIQ-SF GI 0.30 (SD1.3) vs. GC 3.1 (SD4.1), p<.001]. Conclusiones; Un programa de ejercicio físico supervisado, de intensidad moderada realizado durante toda la gestación que incluya ejercicios de fortalecimiento del suelo pélvico, mejora la percepción de la salud en las gestantes y es efectivo en la prevención primaria de la incontinencia urinaria.
Palabras clave: ejercicio físico; embarazo; percepción salud; incontinencia urinaria.
Abstract: Aim: To investigate the influence of a moderate exercise program during pregnancy on the maternal health perception. Methods. A randomised controlled trial was performed. 101 primiparous women were allocated into the control group (CG, n=51) and the exercise group (EG, n=50), lost to follow-up 13, 11.4%. Women on the EC were asked to participate in a supervised exercise program during from 10-14 to 36 weeks of gestation (70-75 sessions, 55-60 min/session, three times per week). Women in the CG received usual care. All women were asked to fill in validated questionnaires about health perception and urinary incontinence before and after the intervention. Results. At the end of the intervention there were statistically significant differences between groups on health perception [very good: EG 35, 70% vs. CG 5, 9.8%; good: EG 15, 30% vs. CG 16, 31%; average EG 0, 0.0% vs. CG 26, 51%; poor EG 0, 0.0% vs. CG 3, 5.9%; very poor: EG 0, 0.0% vs. CG 1, 2% (p<.001)]. What is more, women in the EG showed less urinary incontinence [ICIQ-SF Score EG 0.30 (SD1.3) vs. CG 3.1 (SD4.1), p<.001]. Conclusions. A supervised physical exercise program during pregnancy which includes pelvic floor muscle training, improves health perception and it is effective on primary prevention of urinary incontinence.
Keywords: physical exercise; pregnancy; health perception; urinary incontinence; quality of life.
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