Multicultural Invariance and Validation of the Mental Toughness Index in North American and Mexican Athletes

Authors

  • Andreas Stamatis SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY Associate professor of sport & Wellness Coordinator of Undergraduate Program Lab Director
  • Grant B. Morgan Associate Professor in the Quantitative Methods, Baylor University, Waco, TX
  • Pedro Julián Flores
  • Lenin Tlamatini Barajas Pineda Profesor Investigador de Tiempo Completo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Colima
  • Adriana Isabel Andrade Sánchez Profesor por asignatura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Colima
  • Sarita Salgado Torres Profesora por asignatura, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Colima

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88711

Keywords:

mental toughness, multicultural invariance, sports psychology

Abstract

Mental toughness (TM) is a widely investigated topic related to professions, personalities and sports activity. The work of the sports psychologist is to support the management of emotions, coping with factors and setting goals, making use of the multicultural characteristics of athletes. The invariance of TM was examined between American and Mexican athletes through the invariance test. It was performed by confirmatory factor analysis of multiple groups with increasingly restrictive models. The fit of the model data in both samples was very good (Mexican CFI = .988, Mexican RMSEA = .085; US CFI = .998, US RMSEA = .032). The scalar invariance model was selected as the best fit (CFI scalar = .981, RMSEA scalar = .077). The results imply that the meaning of the construct is the same in both cultures and its scores can be directly compared.

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Published

2022-01-06

How to Cite

Stamatis, A., Morgan, G. B., Flores, P. J., Barajas Pineda, L. T., Andrade Sánchez, A. I., & Salgado Torres, S. (2022). Multicultural Invariance and Validation of the Mental Toughness Index in North American and Mexican Athletes. Retos, 43, 643–650. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88711

Issue

Vol. 43 (2022)

Section

Original Research Article

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Andreas Stamatis, Grant B. Morgan, Pedro Julián Flores, Lenin Tlamatini Barajas Pineda, Adriana Isabel Andrade Sánchez, Sarita Salgado Torres

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