Carga externa en jugadores de fútbol en momentos previos y posteriores al gol

Autores/as

  • Jose Antonio Asián clemente Football Science Institute, Granada, Spain; Department of Sport sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
  • Iván Asín Izquierdo Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
  • Diego Mueriarte Department of Sports of the Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences- INEF of the Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
  • José Vicente Beltrán Garrido Department of Education Science, School of Humanities and Communication Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Castellon de la Plana, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-8453
  • Carlos Galiano de la Rocha Departamento de Comunicación y Educación. Universidad Loyola Andalucía. Sevilla. España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1540-3964

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.112762

Palabras clave:

Carga externa, fútbol, gol, monitorización, time-motion

Resumen

Introducción: La investigación ha explorado factores relacionados con la aparición del gol en fútbol. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la carga externa de los equipos cuando ocurre un gol.

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fué analizar las diferencias en la actividad mecánica de jugadores de fútbol antes y después de un gol, dependiendo de si fue anotado o recibido. 

Metodología: La investigación se centró en un equipo semiprofesional de futbol español. El estudio examinó las dinámicas de movimiento de los jugadores antes (Pre5 y Pre10) y después (Post5 y Post10) del gol, utilizando el minuto del partido como punto de referencia. Se recopilaron datos sobre diversas métricas de carga externa, como la distancia total (DC), DC a alta velocidad, Player load (PL), aceleraciones (Acc2-3 y Acc>3) y desaceleraciones (Dec2-3 y Dec>3).

Resultados: Independientemente de si el gol fue anotado o recibido, DC, PL, Acc2-3 y Dec>3 disminuyeron en Post10 en comparación con Pre10 (p< 0.05), junto con valores más bajos de Acc2-3 y Dec>3 en Post5 vs. Pre5 (p< 0.029). Al anotar un gol, DC y Dec2-3 disminuyeron en Post5 vs. Pre5 (p< 0.049), mientras que al recibir un gol, la DC fue menor en Post10 vs. Pre10 (p= 0.017).

Discusión: La carga externa de los futbolistas disminuye tras la ocurrencia de un gol. Existe una falta de investigación que compare las respuestas de carrera de los jugadores después de los goles, lo que destaca la necesidad de más investigación.

Conclusiones: Tras anotar un gol, los jugadores pueden entender que se ha alcanzado el objetivo, esto puede adoptar una estrategia más conservadora, reduciendo sus esfuerzos de desplazamiento.

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Publicado

2025-03-27

Cómo citar

Asián clemente, J. A., Asín Izquierdo, I., Mueriarte, D., Beltrán Garrido, J. V., & Galiano de la Rocha, C. (2025). Carga externa en jugadores de fútbol en momentos previos y posteriores al gol. Retos, 67, 337–348. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.112762

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Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas