Estado de maturidade biológica e idade cronológica em jovens triatletas: uma primeira abordagem à bio-bandagem no triatlo

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.109869

Palavras-chave:

troatlo, maturidade biológica, idade cronológica, bio-banding, adolescente

Resumo

Introdução: O triatlo juvenil e júnior apresenta desafios no agrupamento de atletas devido às diferenças na maturidade biológica. A bioanilhagem foi proposta como uma estratégia para melhorar a justiça nas competições, embora a sua aplicação neste desporto seja ainda limitada.
Objectivos: Investigar a correlação entre a idade biológica e a idade cronológica, avaliar as variações no estado de maturidade dentro dos grupos etários e determinar se a biobandagem deve ser recomendada para competições de triatlo juvenil e júnior.
Metodologia: Participaram 296 jovens triatletas de ambos os sexos que competiram em eventos multidesportivos no Brasil entre 2022 e 2023. O estado de maturidade biológica foi determinado pela percentagem de maturidade biológica prevista (%PAH) e pela idade prevista na velocidade de pico de altitude (APHV).
Resultados: Foi encontrada uma forte correlação entre a %PAH e o APHV, indicando que a maioria dos triatletas se desenvolve dentro do intervalo esperado. Ambos os indicadores foram considerados bons estimadores de maturidade, sendo que o APHV reflete com maior precisão as variações dos estádios de maturidade.
Conclusões: A segmentação por idades confirmou-se como uma estratégia eficaz para a organização de provas de triatlo. A biobandagem apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável para a elaboração de planos de treino e direcionamento da seleção e desenvolvimento de jovens triatletas, considerando a sua maturidade e relação com o desempenho competitivo. No entanto, devido à natureza transversal do estudo, existem limitações para compreender completamente o desenvolvimento longitudinal dos atletas.

Referências

Abbott, W., Stuart, W., Brickley, G., & Smeeton, N. J. (2019). Effects of Bio-Banding upon Physical and Technical Performance during Soccer Competition: A Preliminary Analysis. Sports,7(8), 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7080193

Albaladejo-Saura, M., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., García-Roca, J. A., & Esparza-Ros, F. (2022). Influence of Biological Maturation Status on Selected Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Variables in Ado-lescent Male Volleyball Players. PeerJ,10, e13216. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13216

Albuquerque, M. R., Fukuda, D. H., Da Costa, V. T., Lopes, M. C., & Franchini, E. (2016). Do Weight Catego-ries Prevent Athletes from the Relative Age Effect? A Meta-Analysis of Combat Sports. Sport Sciences for Health, 12, 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0282-0

Almeida-Neto, P. F., Silva, L. F., Miarka, B., De Medeiros, J. A., De Medeiros, R. C. S. C., Teixeira, R. P. A., Adair, F. J., Cabral, B. G. D. A. T., & Dantas, P. M. S. (2022). Influence of Advancing Biological Mat-uration on Aerobic and Anaerobic Power and on Sport Performance of Junior Rowers: A Longi-tudinal Study. Frontiers in Physiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.892966

Arroyo-Moya, W. (2023). Bio-Banding in Soccer: Benefits on Performance, Psychological Development and Its Influence on Talent Identification. Cultura Ciencia Y Deporte, 18(57), 21–28.

Barrett, S., Short, K., Lowthorpe, A., Swinton, P., Maughan, P., Hamilton, A., Hunter, F., & Towlson, C. (2022). Examination of differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE) during bio-banded small-sided games. PLoS One, 17(7), e0270259. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270259

Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Barbour-Tuck, E. N., Dale, D., Sherar, L. B., Knight, C. J., Cumming, S., P., Ferguson, L., Kowalski, K., & Humbert, L. (2020). The Role of Growth and Maturation during Adolescence on Team-Selection and Short-Term Sports Participation. Annals of Human Biology, 47(4), 316–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2019.1707870

Beunen, G. P., Rogol, A. D., & Malina, R. M. (2006). Indicators of Biological Maturation and Secular Changes in Biological Maturation. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 27(4_suppl5), S244–S256. https://doi.org/10.1177/15648265060274S508

Bradley, B., Johnson, D., Hill, M., McGee, D., Kana-ah, A., Sharpin, C., Sharp, P., Kelly, A., Cumming, S. P., & Malina, R.M. (2019). Bio-Banding in Academy Football: Player’s Perceptions of a Maturity Matched Tournament. Annals of Human Biology, 46(5), 400–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2019.1640284

Cripps, A. J., Hopper, L., & Joyce, C. (2016). Maturity, Physical Ability, Technical Skill and Coaches’ Per-ception of Semi-Elite Adolescent Australian Footballers. Pediatric Exercise Science, 28(4), 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2015-0238

Cuba-Dorado, A., Garcia-Garcia, O., Morales-Sánchez, V., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2020). The Explanato-ry Capacity of Talent Identification Tests for Performance in Triathlon Competitions: A Longi-tudinal Analysis. Journal of Human Kinetics, 75, 185–193.https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0047

Cumming, S. P., Brown, D., Mitchell, S., Bunce, J., Hunt, D., Hedges, C., Crane, G., Gross, A., Scott, S., Frank-lin, E., Breakspear, D., Dennison, L., White, P. Cain, A., Eisenmann, J. C., & Malina, R. M. (2018). Premier League Academy Soccer Players’ Experiences of Competing in a Tournament Bio-Banded for Biological Maturation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(7), 757–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1340656

Cumming, S. P., Rhodri S. L., Oliver, J. L., Eisenmann, J. C., & Malina, R. M. (2017). Bio-Banding in Sport: Applications to Competition, Talent Identification, and Strength and Conditioning of Youth Ath-letes. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 39(2), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000281

Eisenmann, J. C., Till, K., & Baker, J. (2020). Growth, Maturation and Youth Sports: Issues and Practical Solutions. Annals of Human Biology, 47(4), 324–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2020.1764099

Ferriz-Valero, A., García Martínez, S., Olaya-Cuartero,J., & García-Jaén, M. (2020). Sustainable Sport De-velopment: The Influence of Competitive-Grouping and Relative Age on the Performance of Young Triathletes. Sustainability, 12(17), 6792. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176792

Field, A. (2020). Descobrindo a Estatística Usando o SPSS (5th ed.). Porto Alegre: Penso.

Figueiredo, A. J., Gonçalves, C. E., Coelho E., Silva, M. J., & Malina, R. M. (2009). Youth Soccer Players, 11–14 Years: Maturity, Size, Function, Skill and Goal Orientation. Annals of Human Biology, 36(1), 60–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460802570584

Freitas Júnior, I. F. (Ed.). (2018). Padronização de Medidas Antropométricas e Avalição da Composição Corporal. São Paulo: CREF4/SP. Retrieved from https://www.crefsp.gov.br/storage/app/arquivos/6d9646b6a173fba528f5c4edcf9b1d8d.pdf

Giudicelli, B. B., Luz, L. G. O., Sogut, M., Sarmento, H.; Massart, A. G., Arnaldo, C., Júnior, A. C. A., Field, A., & Figueiredo, A. J. (2021). Chronological Age, Somatic Maturation and Anthropometric Measures: Association with Physical Performance of Young Male Judo Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126410

Guimarães, E., Baxter-Jones, A., Maia, J., Fonseca, P., Santos, A, Santos, E., Tavares, F., & Janeira, M. A. (2019). The Roles of Growth, Maturation, Physical Fitness, and Technical Skills on Selection for a Portuguese Under-14 Years Basketball Team. Sports, 7(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7030061

Gundersen, H., Riiser, A. Algroy, E., Vestbøstad, M., Saeterbakken, A. H. Clemm, H. H., Grendstad, H., Haf-stad, A., Kristoffersen, M., & Rygh, C. B. (2022). Associations between Biological Maturity Level, Match Locomotion, and Physical Capacities in Youth Male Soccer Players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 32(11), 1592–1601. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14225

Hill, M., Spencer, A., McGee, D., Scott, S., Frame, M., & Cumming, S. P. (2020). The Psychology of Bio-Banding: A Vygotskian Perspective. Annals of Human Biology, 47(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2020.1797163

Khamis, H. J., & Roche, A. F. (1994). Predicting Adult Stature Without Using Skeletal Age: The Khamis-Roche Method. Pediatrics, 94(4), 504-507. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.4.504

Leyhr, D., Murr, D., Basten, L., Eichler, K., Hauser, T., Lüdin, D., Romann, M., Sardo, G., & Höner, O. (2020). Biological Maturity Status in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Comparison of Pragmatic Diagnos-tics With Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2, 587861. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.587861

Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Faigenbaum, A. D., Myer, G. D., & De Ste Croix, M. B. A. (2014). Chronological Age vs. Biological Maturation: Implications for Exercise Programming in Youth. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1454–1464. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000391

Ludin, D., Donath, L., Cobley, S., & Romann, M. (2022). Effect of Bio-Banding on Physiological and Tech-nical-Tactical Key Performance Indicators in Youth Elite Soccer. European Journal of Sport Sci-ence, 22(11), 1659–1667. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1974100

MacDonald, P. L., & Gardner, R. C. (2020). Type I Error Rate Comparisons of Post Hoc Procedures for I j Chi-Square Tables. Educational and Psychological Measurement,60(5), 735–754. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131640021970871

Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity. Human Ki-netics.

Malina, R. M., Cumming, S. P., Morano, P., Barron, M., & Miller, S. J. (2005). Maturity Status of Youth Football Players: A Noninvasive Estimate. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(6), 1044. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000171622.45134.cb

Malina, R. M., Cumming, S. P., Rogol, A. D., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, A. J., Konarski, J. M., & Kozieł, S. M. (2019). Bio-Banding in Youth Sports: Background, Concept, and Application. Sports Medi-cine, 49(11), 1671–1685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01166-x

Malina, R. M., Králík, M., Kozieł, S. M., Cumming, S. P., Konarski, J. M., Sousa-e-Silva, P., Martinho, D. V., Figueiredo, A. J., & Coelho-e-Silva, M. J. (2024). Ages at Peak Height Velocity in Male Soccer Players 11–16 Years: Relationships with Skeletal Age and Comparisons among Longitudinal Studies. Biology of Sport, 41(1), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.127385

Malina, R. M., Rogol, A. D., Cumming, S. P., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., & Figueiredo, A. J. (2015). Biological Maturation of Youth Athletes: Assessment and Implications. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(13), 852–859. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094623

Massa, M., Moreira, A., Costa, R. A., Lima, M. R., Thiengo, C. R., Marquez, W. Q., Coutts, A. J., & Aoki, M. S. (2022). Biological Maturation Influences Selection Process in Youth Elite Soccer Players. Biolo-gy of Sport, 39(2), 435. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.106152

Meylan, C., Cronin, J. Oliver, J., & Hughes, M. (2010). Talent Identification in Soccer: The Role of Maturi-ty Status on Physical, Physiological and Technical Characteristics. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 5(4), 571–592. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.5.4.571

Miranda, L., Werneck, F. Z., Coelho, E. F., Ferreira, R. M., Novaes, J., Figueiredo, A. J., & Vianna, J. M. (2019). Motor Talent and Biological Maturation in Military College Students. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 25(5), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192505203673

Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002). An Assessment of Maturity from Anthropometric Measurements. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(4), 689.

Monasterio, X., Cumming, S., Larruskain, J., Johnson, D. M., Gil, S. M., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Lekue, J. A., Diaz-Beitia, G., Santisteban, J. M., & Williams, S. (2023). The Combined Effects of Growth and Maturity Status on Injury Risk in an Elite Football Academy. Biology of Sport, 41(1), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.129472

Monasterio, X., Gil, S. M., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Cumming, S. P., Malina, R. M., Williams, S., Lekue, J. A., Santisteban, J. M., Diaz-Beitia, G., & Larruskain, J. (2024). Estimating Maturity Status in Elite Youth Soccer Players: Evaluation of Methods. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 56(6), 1124–1133. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003405

Rogol, A. D., Cumming, S. P., & Malina, R. M. (2018). Biobanding: A New Paradigm for Youth Sports and Training. Pediatrics, 142(5), e20180423. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-0423

Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpreta-tion. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(5), 1763–1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864

Sellés, S., Fernández-Sáez, J., López-Lluch, G., & Cejuela, R. (2016). Análisis de la edad morfológica en nadadores y triatletas adolescentes. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.26

Sullivan, J., Roberts, S. J., Mckeown, J., Littlewood, M., McLaren-Towlson, C., Andrew, M., & Enright, K. (2023). Methods to predict the timing and status of biological maturation in male adolescent soccer players: A narrative systematic review. PLoS One, 18(9), e0286768. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286768

Thurlow, F. G., Kite, R. J., & Cumming, S. P. (2021). Revisiting Youth Player Development in Australian Rules Football: Is There a Place for Bio-Banding? International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(3), 637–646. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541211042682

Towlson, C., Cumming, S., Donnan, K., & Toner, J. (2024). The Effect of Maturation on Children’s Experi-ence of Physical Education: Lessons Learned from Academy Sport. European Physical Educa-tion Review, 29(3), 841–850. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X241251654

Vieira, L. A., Werneck, F. Z., Coelho, E. F., Miranda, L., & De Lima, J. R. (2023). Talent Identification and Development in Olympic Triathlon: A Perspective from Brazilian Coaches. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 25, e90562. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2023v25e90562

World Triathlon. (2020). Triathlon and related multisport event guidance for U19s (Version 1). Re-trieved from https://www.triathlon.org/uploads/docs/U19_Digital_v11.pdf

Downloads

Publicado

2025-05-23

Como Citar

Dos Santos Freitas Schütz, E., Marlon Machado, J., João Bresciani, M. V., Galvão da Costa, C., Ruschel, C., & Matheus Pereira, S. (2025). Estado de maturidade biológica e idade cronológica em jovens triatletas: uma primeira abordagem à bio-bandagem no triatlo. Retos, 68, 790–802. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.109869

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Artigos mais lidos do(s) mesmo(s) autor(es)