Velocidade da marcha em idosos: explorar o impacto de fatores funcionais, físicos e sociais

Autores

  • Naiara Virto eVida Research Lab. Faculty of Engineering. University of Deusto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-8717
  • Xabier Río Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport. University of Deusto. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-619X
  • Iker Muñoz-Pérez Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Sport. University of Deusto. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5480-1581
  • Amaia Méndez-Zorrilla eVida Research Lab. Faculty of Engineering. University of Deusto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0539-4753
  • Begoña García-Zapirain eVida Research Lab. Faculty of Engineering. University of Deusto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109902

Palavras-chave:

Frailty, gait speed, elderly, relative power, socioeconomic status.

Resumo

Objectivo: Com a idade ocorre deterioração neuromuscular e cognitiva que afecta a capacidade funcional. Um dos sinais mais característicos e facilmente reconhecíveis desta deterioração é a diminuição da velocidade normal de marcha. Nos idosos, a velocidade de marcha é um indicador não invasivo do estado de saúde e funcional, sendo considerada um sinal vital. Por prever várias condições mais tarde na vida, a medição da velocidade habitual de marcha é crucial no ambiente clínico. Assim sendo, analisar e determinar a associação entre a velocidade de marcha e o impacto de variáveis ​​funcionais e socioeconómicas pode facilitar a prevenção de problemas de saúde associados e a manutenção da função física nos idosos. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que influenciam a velocidade de marcha nos idosos, bem como examinar a influência do nível socioeconómico na velocidade de marcha. Métodos: Participaram voluntariamente neste estudo descritivo transversal, 1.253 idosos (89,5% mulheres), com uma média de idades de 78,1 ± 5,8 anos, que examina os resultados dos testes de capacidade funcional e os dados socioeconómicos em idosos. Para avaliar a função física foram realizados testes SPPB (teste de levantar da cadeira, testes de equilíbrio, teste de velocidade da marcha), força das mãos, índice de qualidade muscular e potência, bem como a medição da composição corporal e do nível socioeconómico. Resultados: O modelo de regressão final mostrou que a velocidade da marcha foi parcialmente explicada de forma significativa (R2=0,35; p<0,01) pela origem socioeconómica, idade, equilíbrio e potência relativa. Ao mesmo tempo, pertencer a um contexto socioeconómico mais elevado está associado a um menor poder relativo (p<0,01; η2=0,07). Conclusões: Este estudo realça que a idade, a potência relativa e o equilíbrio são determinantes significativos da velocidade da marcha nos idosos. Estes marcadores clínicos fornecem informações cruciais para conceber intervenções personalizadas e eficazes que promovam um envelhecimento saudável.

Palavras-chave: Fragilidade, velocidade da marcha, idoso, poder relativo, nível socioeconómico.

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2024-12-01

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Virto, N., Río, X. ., Muñoz-Pérez, I., Méndez-Zorrilla, A. ., & García-Zapirain, B. (2024). Velocidade da marcha em idosos: explorar o impacto de fatores funcionais, físicos e sociais. Retos, 61, 552–566. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109902

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Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

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