Principais determinantes e indicadores de concussão em atletas de desportos de combate: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.110631Palavras-chave:
artes marciais mistas, concussão, desportos de combate, sintomas físicos, sintomas motivacionaisResumo
Introdução: Os atletas de combate têm maior probabilidade de sofrer concussões porque um dos objetivos é nocautear o adversário e aplicar golpes durante o combate. Objectivo: Analisar os mecanismos de concussão específicos dos desportos de combate e identificar os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes que afectam os atletas após uma concussão. Métodos: Aplicou-se o protocolo PRISMA, foram realizadas pesquisas em bases de dados eletrónicas utilizando os descritores: Atletas, Wrestling, Artes Marciais, Desportos de Combate, Concussão, Concussão Cerebral Traumática, Sintomas Físicos e Sintomas Motivacionais. O processo de identificação e seleção emparelhada foi realizado com recurso ao software Rayyan. Os artigos que cumpriam os critérios de elegibilidade para análise qualitativa foram então extraídos através da ferramenta Risk of Bias Used for Surveys. Resultados: foram identificados 912 artigos, 90 duplicados e 81 revisões bibliográficas, restando 65 artigos para leitura de resumos. Destes, 46 foram excluídos com base nos critérios de elegibilidade, incluindo 19 artigos. Em relação à exposição à concussão, 70,2% esteve relacionada com o número de combates realizados e 29,8% com os lutadores. As modalidades desportivas foram 45,5% MMA, 18,2% boxe, 9,1% taekwondo, 9,1% karaté e 9,1% kickboxing. As lesões encontradas dividiram-se em 27,2% traumatismo cranioencefálico e 72,8% concussão. De acordo com os sinais e sintomas identificados, 55,2% eram físicos e 44,8% eram motivacionais. Conclusão: A frequência das lutas é um fator determinante para a incidência de concussões em atletas de desportos de combate e os sintomas pós-concussão apresentaram manifestações físicas e motivacionais significativas, que representam barreiras ao desenvolvimento técnico-tático dos atletas.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 José Raimundo Fernandes, Michele Andrade de Brito, Diego Valenzuela Pérez, Aparecido Pimentel Ferreira, Felipe José Aida, Esteban Aedo-Muñoz, Bianca Miarka, Ciro José Brito
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