Equilíbrio postural e rotação mental em ginastas sub-12: comparação com jogadores de andebol e jogadores de videojogos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v70.114116Palavras-chave:
Equilíbrio, controlo postural, rotação mental, ginastas, jogadores de andebol, jogadores de videojogosResumo
Introdução: A transição do equilíbrio estático para o dinâmico pode influenciar o desempenho cognitivo, particularmente em tarefas como a rotação mental.
Objectivo: Este estudo investiga o impacto de diferentes condições de equilíbrio postural nas capacidades cognitivas viso-espaciais, especificamente tarefas de rotação mental envolvendo cubos 3D rotacionados e imagens do corpo humano, em ginastas, jogadores de andebol e jogadores de videojogos com menos de 12 anos.
Metodologia: Participaram neste estudo cinquenta jovens voluntários com menos de 12 anos (12 ginastas, 18 jogadores de andebol e 20 jogadores de videojogos). A experiência incluiu tarefas de rotação mental (cubos 3D e corpos humanos) em quatro condições: sem equilíbrio, equilíbrio estático, equilíbrio dinâmico frontal e equilíbrio dinâmico sagital numa plataforma estabilométrica. O desempenho cognitivo foi avaliado pelo tempo de resposta e pela taxa de erro, enquanto o controlo postural foi medido pela oscilação, aceleração e deslocamento do centro de pressão (COP).
Resultados: Foram observados efeitos benéficos imediatos significativos do equilíbrio dinâmico em tarefas cognitivas. As tarefas duplas melhoraram o desempenho no controlo postural e na rotação mental, com redução do tempo de resposta e da oscilação do COP (p < 0,01).
Discussão: Os atletas apresentaram maiores melhorias do que os não atletas, realçando o efeito positivo do treino físico regular com controlo postural na melhoria das capacidades cognitivas.
Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que a prática desportiva na infância melhora os sistemas sensório-motor, o controlo neuromuscular e o equilíbrio, que são essenciais para a manutenção da estabilidade e o desenvolvimento das capacidades cognitivas. A integração do treino de equilíbrio e dos desafios cognitivos no treino físico pode otimizar o desempenho cognitivo e motor em atletas jovens.
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