Tendências e estratégias de comunicação verbal no treino desportivo: uma revisão sistemática das perspetivas psicológicas e linguísticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v71.116023Palavras-chave:
Comunicação verbal, treinadores, atletas, desportos, psicologia, linguística, revisão sistemática da literaturaResumo
Introdução: A comunicação verbal influencia significativamente a eficácia do coaching. No entanto, os estudos que relacionam a psicologia e a linguística são limitados e carecem de clareza quanto aos seus mecanismos e características.
Objectivo: Este estudo sintetiza a investigação global sobre a comunicação verbal dos coaches, destacando tendências, estratégias eficazes e lacunas de investigação numa perspectiva psicolinguística.
Método: Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando o protocolo PRISMA nas plataformas Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed e PsycINFO. A revisão incluiu artigos empíricos em inglês (2017-2024) com perspetivas psicológicas ou linguísticas. Após a triagem, foram selecionados 28 artigos e analisados com recurso ao Biblioshiny, NVivo e VOSviewer.
Resultados: Os Estados Unidos lideraram as publicações, seguidos pelo Reino Unido, Coreia do Sul e Indonésia. Os tópicos centrais incluíram "comunicação", "desempenho" e "equipas". As estratégias verbais eficazes identificadas foram o diálogo reflexivo, o feedback corretivo, o diálogo interno motivacional e a comunicação emocionalmente solidária. Os aspetos linguísticos, como a estrutura e entoação das frases, foram fundamentais. Discussão: Os resultados destacam a interação entre a comunicação entre treinadores e a psicologia do desporto, demonstrando que a linguagem molda a confiança e o significado para além da instrução. As deficiências incluem a profundidade linguística limitada e a falta de dados de interação no mundo real.
Conclusão: Uma abordagem interdisciplinar melhora a compreensão da comunicação entre treinador e atleta. O estudo propõe o Modelo Interdisciplinar de Comunicação entre Treinadores e recomenda a integração do treino pragmático e linguístico na formação de treinadores.
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