Regulação emocional e resultados competitivos em desportos de combate: dinâmicas afetivas antes e depois de combates emparelhados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117420Palavras-chave:
Desportos de combate, éxito competitivo, regulação afetiva, aprendizagem automática, psicologia do desportoResumo
Objectivo: Este estúdio analisou a capacidade preditiva das emoções anteriores para a competência, os estados emocionais posteriores e as suas variações (delta) na determinação dos resultados competitivos.
Métodos: Treinta e sete atletas (27 homens, 10 mulheres; 24,4±7,3 anos) responderam ao Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ) antes e depois de uma competência. Foram avaliadas cinco emoções (ansiedade, tristeza, raiva, excitação e alegria) através de estatística descritiva, testes paramétricos/não paramétricos (α=0,05), tamanhos de efeito e modelos de aprendizagem automática (regressão logística e Random Forest).
Resultados: Não existem diferenças significativas nas emoções pré-competitivas entre os vencedores (n=18) e os perdedores (n=19), embora os vencedores apresentem maior excitação (d’=0,55) e alegria (d’=0,41). A ansiedade surgiu como o principal preditor nos modelos de aprendizagem automática. Para além da competência, os vencedores apresentaram níveis significativamente mais elevados em todas as emoções (p<0,001), com especial destaque para a excitação (d’=1,4) e alegria (r=0,64). A análise dos deltas mostrou incrementos significativos na excitação (+2,00) e na alegria (+2,94) nos ganadores, face a reduções na tristeza (−6,89) e na ira (−5,53) nos perdedores. O modelo preditivo baseado em deltas alcançou 78,2% de precisão, mantendo a mudança na alegria do preditor mais robusto (OR=3,62).
Conclusões: Os estados emocionais posteriores à competência e as suas variações dinâmicas predizem um melhor desempenho do que as emoções anteriores. As intervenções dirigidas a uma regulação emocional adaptativa podem otimizar o rendimento desportivo.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Michele Andrade de Brito, José Raimundo Fernandes, Alejandro Vieira Andrade, Otávio de Toledo Nóbrega, Bianca Miarka, Esteban Aedo-Muñoz, Diego Valenzuela Pérez, Pedro Henrique Lau Barbosa, Keveenrick Ferreira Costa, Ciro José Brito
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