Desigualdade na prática de atividade física: evidências da Global Matrix 5.0 no País Basco

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117828

Palavras-chave:

atividade física, adolescência, desigualdade, País Basco, sedentarismo, Matriz Global

Resumo

Introdução: A prática regular de atividade física durante a infância e adolescência tem sido associada a múltiplos benefícios físicos, psicológicos e sociais. No entanto, os níveis de inactividade continuam elevados e desiguais segundo o sexo, a idade e o nível socioeconómico.

Objectivo: O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar as desigualdades na actividade física das crianças e adolescentes do País Basco, no âmbito da iniciativa Global Matrix 5.0, identificando as diferenças por sexo, idade e nível socioeconómico, bem como a sua evolução no ciclo 2018-2021.

Metodologia: A pesquisa baseou-se numa análise descritiva e comparativa realizada por um painel de seis especialistas de instituições académicas e governamentais. Foram recolhidas 23 fontes de informação correspondentes ao período 2022-2025, com base numa estratégia multinível que integrou literatura científica, relatórios institucionais e estudos com acelerometria. Onze indicadores foram avaliados utilizando os critérios padronizados da Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance e classificados numa escala de A+ a F, de acordo com o grau de conformidade.

Resultados: Os resultados mostraram melhorias na atividade física geral (B+/B), na condição física (C+) e nas políticas públicas (B), enquanto o sono e o comportamento sedentário obtiveram as classificações mais baixas (F). As raparigas apresentaram uma ligeira vantagem na actividade física geral e no transporte activo, mas a adolescência reflectiu os maiores declínios, especialmente em contextos socioeconómicos desfavorecidos.

Conclusões. Estes achados coincidiram com estudos europeus anteriores que mostraram uma diminuição progressiva da atividade física com a idade e um aumento sustentado do estilo de vida sedentário. Conclui-se que o País Basco avançou nas políticas públicas e na promoção da atividade física, embora persistam desafios relacionados com o sono, o sedentarismo e a equidade social.

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Publicado

14-11-2025

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.

Como Citar

Albisua Kaperotxipi, N., Gorostegi Anduaga, I., Larrinaga Undabarrena, A., & Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza, A. (2025). Desigualdade na prática de atividade física: evidências da Global Matrix 5.0 no País Basco. Retos, 73, 1416-1428. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v73.117828