Efectos del entrenamiento multicomponente sobre la capacidad funcional y los índices antropométricos en mujeres posmenopáusicas: un estudio piloto

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.116913

Palabras clave:

actividades de la vida diaria, autonomía personal, Ejercicio, envejecimiento, salud

Resumen

Introducción: El entrenamiento multicomponente (EM) es un método que hace hincapié en múltiples cualidades físicas relacionadas con la vida cotidiana. Por lo tanto, se cree que el EM puede generar cambios importantes en los componentes de la capacidad funcional y los índices antropométricos de las mujeres posmenopáusicas. Al igual que los observados en otros modelos de ejercicio físico, dado que se trata de un esfuerzo físico que sigue los mismos principios biológicos y metodológicos del entrenamiento deportivo, es capaz de generar estímulos positivos para el aumento de la masa muscular y la reducción de los depósitos de grasa corporal, lo que se refleja en la mejora de las actividades de la vida diaria.

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del programa de EM sobre la capacidad funcional y los índices antropométricos de las mujeres posmenopáusicas.

Métodos: Se asignó a treinta mujeres al grupo EM (n = 15; 64,4 ± 3,1 años, 29,5 ± 4,8 kg/m²) y al grupo de control (n = 15; 63,5 ± 4,3, 31,2 ± 5,6 kg/m²). El protocolo de entrenamiento duró 12 semanas. La evaluación de la capacidad funcional se basó en las siguientes pruebas cronometradas: ponerse y quitarse una camiseta (PQS); levantarse de una posición sentada (LPS); levantarse desde la posición boca abajo (LPA), sentarse y levantarse de la silla y moverse por la casa (SLMC); y prueba de transferencia de jarra de galón a estante (TJGE) índices antropométricos consistieron en la relación cintura-cadera y el índice de masa corporal.

Resultados: El EM promovió una reducción en el tiempo necesario para realizar las pruebas de PQS (Pre=14,1 ± 2,8; Post=12,8 ± 2,4; p<0,05); LPS (Pre=7,74 ± 1,5; Post=5,9 ± 1,2 p<0,05); LPA (Pre=2,75 ± 1,2; Post=2,27 ± 0,6; p<0,05), SLMC (Pre= 34,39 ± 4,2; Post=31,3 ± 4,4; p < p<0,05), y TJGE (Pre=10,82 ± 1,2; Post = 9,43 ± 1,1; p<0,05) en comparación con el grupo de control y a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, no se detectaron diferencias en los índices antropométricos. Conclusión: La EM mejora eficazmente la capacidad funcional de las mujeres posmenopáusicas, pero no induce cambios en los índices antropométricos.

Referencias

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20-11-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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Carvalho Lima, N. B., Gomes de Resende-Neto, A., Pantoja-Cardoso, A., Resende Silva, S., Pereira Monteiro, M. R., Campelo Gomes, E., Zaffalon Junior, J. R., Borba-Pinheiro, C. J., & Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E. (2025). Efectos del entrenamiento multicomponente sobre la capacidad funcional y los índices antropométricos en mujeres posmenopáusicas: un estudio piloto. Retos, 74, 474-484. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.116913