Programa de estilo de vida saludable de 16 semanas para mejorar la alfabetización en salud y la aptitud física de estudiantes de primaria: un enfoque cuasi-experimental

Autores/as

  • Gumilar Mulya Universitas Siliwangi
  • Nevitaningrum Nevitaningrum Universitas Siliwangi
  • Resty Agustryani Universitas Siliwangi
  • Novi Soraya Universitas Siliwangi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117243

Palabras clave:

alfabetización en salud, condición física, estudiantes de primaria, estilo de vida saludable

Resumen

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de un programa de hábitos de vida saludable durante 16 semanas sobre la mejora de la alfabetización en salud y la condición física de los estudiantes de primaria.

Metodología. Se utilizó un diseño cuasi experimental con 50 estudiantes divididos en dos grupos: (1) el programa de habituación a un estilo de vida saludable (EXP; n = 25) y (2) un grupo de control sin el programa (CON; n = 25). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una prueba de alfabetización en salud y una prueba de condición física (TKPN), aplicadas en el pretest, postest y seguimiento. Los datos se analizaron mediante MANOVA, junto con las pruebas de normalidad (Shapiro-Wilk) y homogeneidad (prueba de Levene).

Resultados. Los datos mostraron distribución normal y homogeneidad de varianza (Sig. >0,05) en las variables de alfabetización en salud y condición física en todas las etapas de medición. Los resultados del MANOVA indicaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos EXP y CON (Pillai’s Trace = 0,945; p < 0,001), entre los momentos de medición (Pillai’s Trace = 1,387; p < 0,001), así como en la interacción grupo × tiempo (Pillai’s Trace = 1,348; p < 0,001), lo que indica que la intervención tuvo un efecto significativo y consistente en el grupo EXP en comparación con el grupo CON. Los tamaños del efecto (η² = 0.65–0.72) fueron grandes, lo que confirma que la intervención tuvo un impacto fuerte y significativo en la alfabetización en salud y la condición física de los estudiantes.

Discusión. El programa de habituación mejoró significativamente la alfabetización en salud y la condición física de los estudiantes, con mejoras sostenidas a lo largo del tiempo.

Conclusiones. Este programa es eficaz para mejorar la alfabetización en salud y la condición física, y puede ser implementado en las escuelas con el apoyo colaborativo de maestros, padres y la comunidad.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Gumilar Mulya, Universitas Siliwangi

    Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Siliwangi University

  • Nevitaningrum Nevitaningrum, Universitas Siliwangi

    Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Siliwangi University

  • Resty Agustryani, Universitas Siliwangi

    Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Siliwangi University

  • Novi Soraya, Universitas Siliwangi

    Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Siliwangi University

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Publicado

08-11-2025

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Cómo citar

Mulya, G., Nevitaningrum, N., Agustryani, R., & Soraya, N. (2025). Programa de estilo de vida saludable de 16 semanas para mejorar la alfabetización en salud y la aptitud física de estudiantes de primaria: un enfoque cuasi-experimental. Retos, 74, 133-150. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v74.117243