Efectos de la suplementación con proteína vegetal sobre la hipertrofia en hombres y mujeres con entrenamiento de fuerza: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v81.117266Palabras clave:
Rendimiento físico, adultos sanos, masa muscular, proteína de origen vegetal , dieta vegetarianaResumen
Introducción: En los últimos años, ha aumentado el uso de dietas basadas en plantas entre quienes practican ejercicios de resistencia. Existe poca evidencia de que los requerimientos proteicos de personas veganas o vegetarianas que entrenan sean diferentes de los de los omnívoros. Los veganos/vegetarianos que se ejercitan deben planificar cuidadosamente su dieta para asegurar una ingesta adecuada de aminoácidos esenciales que favorezcan una síntesis proteica muscular óptima. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo analizar el efecto de los aislados de proteínas vegetales en forma de suplementos sobre la hipertrofia del músculo esquelético en hombres y mujeres sanos que practican entrenamiento de resistencia.
Métodos: La revisión utilizó cinco bases de datos y siguió la lista de verificación PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). La evaluación de la calidad de los informes se realizó mediante la lista de verificación CONSORT 2010. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante el Manual Cochrane y la lista de verificación ROBINS-I.
Resultados: Inicialmente, se identificaron 1508 artículos. Tras eliminar los duplicados (504) y revisar los títulos y resúmenes (1004), se analizaron 13 artículos tras la lectura completa de los textos. Los estudios variaron en cuanto al tiempo de intervención, al nivel de entrenamiento, al uso de grupos de control y a la estandarización de la dosis de leucina. La mayoría de los estudios utilizaron suplementos de proteína de soya a diferentes dosis diarias.
Conclusión: Esta revisión mostró que la suplementación con proteínas de origen vegetal, en comparación con el consumo de proteína de suero o de leucina, en hombres y mujeres sanos, entrena-dos o no, produjo resultados similares en cuanto a la mejora de la masa magra, el aumento del grosor muscular y la fuerza.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Renata Labronici Bertin, Nissay de Abreu Maruiama, Murilo de Andrade Chaves, Luan Francisco Calistro da Silva Braz, Andressa Roehrig Volpe Fix, Anabelle Retondario, Anderson Zampier Ulbrich
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